Gluteal Region/ Post Thigh

Question 1

Function of Obturator Internus

Answer 1

Laterally rotates and stabilizes thigh

Question 2

Function of Gemellus Superior

Answer 2

Laterally rotates and stabilizes thigh

Question 3

Function of Gemellus Inferior

Answer 3

Laterally rotates and stabilizes thigh

Question 4

Function of Piriformis

Answer 4

Laterally rotates and stabilizes thigh

Question 5

Function of Gluteus Minimus

Answer 5

Abducts and medially rotates thigh. Tilts pelvis on walking

Question 6

Function of Gluteus Medius

Answer 6

Abducts and medially rotates thigh. Tilts pelvis on walking

Question 7

Function of Quadratus femoris

Answer 7

Laterally rotates and stabilizes hip

Question 8

Function of Gluteus Maximus

Answer 8

Extends and laterally rotates hip. Aids in knee extension via iliotibial tract.

Question 9

Function of Tensor Fascia Lata

Answer 9

Maintains knee extended (assists gluteus maximus) and abducts thigh

Question 10

What large nerve runs next to the sciatic?

Answer 10

Posterior femoral cutaneous

Question 11

What dives in at the superior part of the piriformis?

Answer 11

Superior Gluteal Artery and Nerve

Question 12

What dives in at the inferior part of the piriformis?

Answer 12

Inferior Gluteal Artery and Nerve

Question 13

Function of Biceps Femoris

Answer 13

Flexes and laterally rotates knee. Its long head functions to extend the hip

Question 14

Function of Semimembranosus

Answer 14

Flexes and medially rotates knee. Extends hip.

Question 15

Function of Semitendinosus

Answer 15

Flexes and medially rotates knee. Extends hip

Question 16

What runs/occurs in the area directly behind the knee?

Answer 16

• Common sciatic nerve splits into the tibial and common fibular nerves
• Popliteal artery and vein run through here

Question 17

Popliteal artery

Answer 17

A deeply placed continuation of the femoral artery

Question 18

Cruciate Anastomosis

Answer 18

A circulatory anastomosis in the upper thigh which is clinically crucial because if there is a blockage between the external iliac artery and the femoral, blood can still reach the popliteal artery and thus the knee.

Question 19

Main arteries of the cruciate anastomosis

Answer 19

FILM:

First perforating (ascending) of profunda femoris

Inferior gluteal

Lateral/Medial femoral circumflex

Question 20

Path of blood via cruciate anastomosis

Answer 20

A block in the external iliac means that the blood will be getting to the popliteal via the INTERNAL ILIAC.

(1) Branch from internal iliac to inferior gluteal artery
(2) Blood then travels to the either the lateral or medial circumflex femoral arteries
(3) Blood then enters the first perforating branch of the deep femoral artery
(4) Lastly, blood flows to the deep femoral/genicular arteries and into the popliteal artery.

Question 21

Tredelenberg sign

Answer 21

Occurs if there is a superior gluteal nerve injury

-This sign is positive if, when standing on one leg, the pelvis drops on the side opposite to the leg which is on the ground. This would indicate an issue with the leg which is on the ground (stance leg) because ideally, when lifting one leg, weight should shift to the one on the ground, but since its nerve isn’t working, it cannot properly do so. The angle of the tilt is putting up towards the injured side.