Physiology of Autonomic Membrane Receptors

Question 1

All organs are innervated (only) by what part of the autonomic NS?

Answer 1

Sympathetic

Question 2

What parts of the autonomic NS have an effect on Blood Vessels? What BV can also dilated by the SNS? How does the sympathetic NS cause dilation

Answer 2

Sympathetic (parasympathetic - erectile tissue)
Veins (both) muscle (only dilation)

*causes dilation using the nerves running with the spinal n. that have longer pre-ganglionic fiber and release Ach at there post synaptic terminal.

Question 3

Vasodilation if the muscle blood vessels? by sympathetic NS?

Answer 3

BV - (when sympathetic tone is exceedingly high) Cholinergic response causes immediate vasodilation, increasing cardiac output without increasing pressure. This is short lived. Adrenergic stimulation (causing vasoconstriction kicks in). However muscle byproduct also cause vasodilation, drowning out effect of the adrenergic stimluation

Question 4

Non common effects of ANS on Body:
Pupil: 
BV in erectile tissue
Liver
Bronchi - smooth muscle --> by circulating epinephrine

Answer 4

Pupil (sympathetic - Dilate) - Let as much light in a possible
BV Erectile Tissue (sympathetic - Dilate) - allows for filling
Liver (sympathetic - glycolysis, glycogenesis)
B (sympathetic - dilation) (para-sympathetic - constriction)

Question 5

Just gimme the types of Adrenergic Receptors on Target organs

Answer 5

A1
A2
B1, E, NE ligands produce the same potency 
B2, - E ligand is more potent 
B3, - in fat, prostate cells

Question 6

What breaks down cAMP?

What removes phosphates from protein?

Answer 6

phosphodiesterase

phosphatase

Question 7

All kinases have what two subunits. Kinases are activated by ______ binding of the _______ units

Answer 7

regulatory
catalytic
cAMP
regulatory

Question 8

Regarding G Proteins: When does GDP –> GTP occur?

CC: what is common disease associated w/g protein g proteins? Explain?

Answer 8

after substrate binding

cholera toxin: doesn’t allow hydrolysis of GTP from a subunit – SO MUCH cAMP –> opens sodium channels –> water follows –> diarrhea

Question 9

Name Adrenergic Receptors - their associated proteins, and Receptors

Answer 9

B(1-2) G(e) - Excitatory Adenyl Cyclase – Increase PKA
A(2) - G(I) - Inhibitory Adenyl Cyclase – Decrease PKA
A(1) - G(2) - _________- Phospholipase C - Increase Ca++ release, Increase PKC

Question 10

Describe A1 Pathway

Answer 10

NE binds A1 Adrenergic Receptor
G-Protein Activated – (P) Phospholipase C
Cleaves the extracellular head of PIP2 = Head (IP3). Tail = DAG. IP3 opens intracellular CA++ channels, DAG binds PKC. Ca++ activates PKC

Question 11

Receptors of the Parasympathetic NS

Answer 11

Cholenergic

1) Muscarinic (5) - Organs (innervated by PSNS)
2) Nicotinic - Nerve Synapses ( Pre-Post)

Question 12

Odd Muscarinic Receptors (M1, 3, 5)

Even Muscarinic Receptors (M2, 4)

Answer 12

ODD - Activate IP3 – Rise in intracellular Ca++

Even - Inactivate Adenyl Cyclase - Reduction of cAMP.

Question 13

The main function of M2 (cardiac) is to _________

Answer 13

open K+ selective channels; this make it harder for the cell to undergo an action potential.

Question 14

What is the carotid sinus reflex?

Answer 14

Sympathetic (GVA) and sympathetic (GVE) loop that responds to increased in blood pressure. Remember that the PNS and the SNS work against each other!

Question 15

What is the physiological difference between NE and E

Answer 15

Epinephrine is more effective at stimulating B receptors!