Anti-Arthritis Drugs

Question 1

How to relieve discomfort from arthritis

Answer 1

Rest - Diet - DRUGS - Joint replacement - Arthrodesis/excision arthroplasty - Euthanasia

Question 2

Types of anti-arthritis drugs

Answer 2

Glucosamine - Glycosaminoglycans (Chondroitin sulphate, Hyaluronic acid, Pentosan, (heparin))

Question 3

Glucosamine administration

Answer 3

Horse = IV, PO - Dog=PO

Question 4

Glycosaminoglycans - Mechanism of action

Answer 4

Mechanical lubricant - Stops proteoglycan breakdown - Increases proteoglycan synthesis - Blocks PG production - Blocks several cytokines’ production (fibroblast growth factor & neovascularization) - Anticoagulant (improves circulation)

Question 5

Glycosaminoglycans - Indications

Answer 5

Horses & Dogs - Mild osteoarthritis - Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) - Limit growth of tumors possible because fibroblast growth factor)

Question 6

Glycosaminoglycans Chondroitin sulphate Administration

Answer 6

Horse = IM, IA - Dog=IM

Question 7

Glycosaminoglycans - Hyaluronic acid administration

Answer 7

Horse = IA, IV

Question 8

Glycosaminoglycans - Pentosan administration

Answer 8

Horse = IA, IV - Dog=SC, IM

Question 9

Glycosaminoglycans side effects

Answer 9

Local reaction - Infection - Clotting problems - Hypersensitivity - Impoverish owner

Question 10

Glycosaminoglycans contraindications

Answer 10

Infection - Clotting defects/bleeding - Liver or kidney disease

Question 11

Glycosaminoglycans as antioxidants

Answer 11

Vit E, glutathione & herbal medicines

Question 12

Glycosaminoglycans - antioxidant effects

Answer 12

Mop up free radicals - prevent membrane damage - Endogenous systems overloaded (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase)

Question 13

Glycosaminoglycans Orgotein

Answer 13

Superoxide dismutase (like pseudomonas!) - SC in dogs - IM in horse

Question 14

Orgotein SC in dogs - indications

Answer 14

Ankylosing spondylitis, sphondylosis, disc disease

Question 15

Orgotein IM in horse - indications

Answer 15

Soft tissue inflammation of musculoskeletal system

Question 16

Extracts of green-lipped mussels

Answer 16

Glycoprotein - Copper - Usually in combos with antioxidants & glycosaminoglycans

Question 17

Essential Fatty Acids

Answer 17

N-3 FA produce PGE3 - Mild & antiinflammatory effects - No known side effects - “Natural” in fish anyway

Question 18

Dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO

Answer 18

Solvent for hydrophobic & hydrophilic drugs - Carries other drugs across the skin - Reduce acute swelling from trauma

Question 19

DMSO - effects and administration

Answer 19

Anti-inflammatory - Antimicrobial - Analgesic - Sometimes IV for cranial trauma, colic

Question 20

Other used anti-arthritic drugs

Answer 20

Copper - Gold - Penicilllamine - Chloroquine - Quinine - Sulphasalazine

Question 21

New anti-arthritic drugs

Answer 21

Interleukin antagonists - TNF-a antagonists - Transcription factor regulators

Question 22

TNF-a antagonists

Answer 22

Antibodies=infliximab - PDE4 inhibitors=thalidomide analogues

Question 23

Transcription factor regulators

Answer 23

Mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors