Reproduction Anatomy Female

Question 1

What main functions do the testes and overies have in common?

Answer 1

Gamete and hormone production

Question 2

Difference between monovular and polyovular?

Answer 2

mono ovulate 1 oocyte and poly ovulates > 1

Question 3

what does the outer cortex of the overies consist of?

Answer 3

follicles and corpora lutea

Question 4

What does the central medulla of the overies consist of?

Answer 4

Blood vessels, lympthatics, nerves and CT

Question 5

Ovarian stroma

Answer 5

supporting network of collagen

Question 6

Follicle

Answer 6

1 oocyte + surrounding follicular cells

Question 7

primordial follicles

Answer 7

One layer of flattened follicular cells surrounding the oocyte

Question 8

Primary Follicle

Answer 8

Follicular maturation, the surrounding cells of the oocyte are now cuboidal epithelium and the Zona pellucida (middle) becomes visible

Question 9

Secondary follicle

Answer 9

Surrounding cells now stratified epithelium, encasing oocyte with ZP. Fluid filled spaces between granulosa cells become visible between and fuse to form antrum

Thecal cells form a wall

Starts to produce oestrogens

Question 10

Thecal cells

Answer 10

Epitheliod cells outside follicale intermeshed with stroma

Question 11

Teriary Follicale

Answer 11

Follicular epithelium produces fluid

Eventually forms antrum, which oocyte floats in

Eventually forms bump (approx 12hrs before ovulation) on surface of follicle (stigma) and oocyte is released.

Question 12

Corpus Albicans

Answer 12

scar from old corpus luteum

Question 13

How to tell if follicle or CL

Answer 13

Pop it if yellow fluid = follicle

nothing= corpus luteum

Question 14

What are the three tunics of the genital tract?

Answer 14

Serosal tunic: Outer tunic composed of peritoneum, covers oviduct, uterus and part of vagina

Muscular tunic: the middle tunic, which is two muscle layers. This is separated by a highly vascular layer.

Mucosal tunic: Inner tunic that forms longitudinal folds in oviduct and non-gravid uterus.

Question 15

Infundibulum

Answer 15

Thin walled funneled cranial extremity oviduct

Free-edge of funnel ragged and tags come into contact with ovary

Captures ovum

Question 16

Oviduct

Answer 16

Narrow and flexuous tube

Fertillisation occurs in oviduct

Joins apex of horn of uterus at uterotubal junction

Question 17

Oviduct layers

Answer 17

Serosa: Lines surace

Muscularis: Muscle contractions move sperm and ova

Mucosa: Folds divide lumen into complex shape

Question 18

Describe the uterus

Answer 18

Y shaped (bicornuate) with a pair of uterine horns. The horns vary in length depending on species and the cervix is thick and muscular, whilst the body is generally small.

Question 19

Uterus layers

Answer 19

Endometrium: Muscosal layer which provides nourishment for the embryo (marked by caruncles in ruminants)

Myometrium: Fibromuscular layer

Question 20

Fornix

Answer 20

Ring like space where cervix join vagina

Question 21

Urethral orifice

Answer 21

Reproductive tract of vagina from the the cervix to the entrance of the urethra

Question 22

Vestibule

Answer 22

Extends from the urethral orifice to the external vulva
Maybe be a transverse mucosal ridge (hymen) at the junction between vagina and vestibule
Wall less elastic than vagina
Mucosal layer contains lymphatic nodules

Question 23

Vagina

Answer 23

Long thin walled and distensible in length and width

Dorsally bound to rectum via CT and ventrally bound to urethra

Question 24

Vulva

Answer 24

two parts: Labia which are the lips consisting of highly vascularised fatty tissue and vulval cleft which are a slit like opening

Shape varies between species

Question 25

Broad ligaments

Answer 25

Suspend genital system to dorsolateral wall