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Parasitology > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

How do yeast reproduce?

A

By budding and making a daughter cell (blastoconidium)

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2
Q

What is filamentous mycelium?

A

Long strands of tubelike structures called hyphae

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3
Q

What is aerial mycelia?

A

Extends above the surface of the colony and are responsible for the fuzzy appearance

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4
Q

What is vegetative mycelia?

A

Extends downward into the medium to absorb nutrients

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5
Q

How do molds reproduce?

A

By spores asexually and sexually

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6
Q

What are the four shapes of hyphae?

A

Antler, racquet, spiral, and rhizoids

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7
Q

What does a septet hype look like?

A

Frequent perpendicular cross-walls

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8
Q

What does sparsely septet hyphae look like?

A

Few cross-walls at irregular intervals

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9
Q

What does hyaline yeast look like?

A

Non pigmented or brightly pigmented

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10
Q

What does dematiaceous yeast look like?

A

Darkly pigmented because of melanin production

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11
Q

What is dimorphism?

A

Ability to exist in two forms based on growth conditions

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12
Q

Mold phase at what temp?

A

22-25 degrees celcius

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13
Q

Yeast phase at what temp?

A

37 degrees celsius with increased CO2

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14
Q

What is polymorphic?

A

When mold and yeast form in culture

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of asexual reproduction?

A

Conidia and arthroconidia

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16
Q

In Conidia, what is the phialide?

A

Vaselike structures that produce phialoconidia

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17
Q

In Conidia, what is the annellide?

A

Ring structures that produce annelloconidia

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18
Q

What happens in Arthroconidia?

A

Formed by fragmentation of fertile hyphae

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19
Q

What is a teleomorph?

A

A fugus that reproduces sexually

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20
Q

What is an anamorph?

A

Asexual form of teleomorph

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21
Q

What is a synanamorph?

A

Produces more than one asexual form

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22
Q

What are the four groups of fungi with most agents of clinical infections?

A

Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Deuteromycota

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23
Q

Three characteristics of Zygomyces?

A

Rapid grower, opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised, and found in soil

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24
Q

What does the mycelium and hyphae look like for Zygomyces?

A

Gray white aerial mycelium and sparsely separated hyphae

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25
Q

How do zygomyces reproduce?

A

Sexual production by fusion of compatible nuclei

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26
Q

What is a good ID for Basidiomycota?

A

Clamp connections at separations in the vegetative hyphae

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27
Q

What fungi group contains the largest number of organisms that are etiologic agents of mycoses?

A

Deuteromycota - Fungi imperfecti

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28
Q

What isTinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor)?

A

Discoloration or depigmentation and scaling of skin

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29
Q

Where is superficial mycoses occur?

A

Outermost layer of skin or hair

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30
Q

What is Tinea negra?

A

Brown or black patches primarily on the palms

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31
Q

What is piedra?

A

nodules composed of hyphae and cement like substance that attach to the hair shaft

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32
Q

Fungi that have a sexual or teleomorph stage are called….

A

Perfect Fungi

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33
Q

Those fungi who do not have a sexual stage, or not discovered, are placed in the Deuteromycoda, or what?

A

Fungi imperfecti

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34
Q

Growth rate of Piedraia hortae?

A

21 days

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35
Q

Pigment of front agar for Piedraia hortae?

A

Dark greenish brown to black

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36
Q

Pigment of reverse agar for Piedraia hortae?

A

Black

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37
Q

Associated diseases for P. hortae?

A

A fungal infection of hairs of scalp and black nodules form on hair shaft

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38
Q

Type of hyphae seen in P. hortae

A

Septate hyphae

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39
Q

What type of fungi is Hortaea (Exophilia) werneckii

A

Superficial

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40
Q

Growth rate of H. Werneckii

A

21 days

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41
Q

Front and reverse pigment of H. Werneckii

A

Light colored yeast like turning olive/black and reverse is black

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42
Q

Associated diseases for H. Werneckii

A

Tinea negra, asymptomatic fungal infection of skin, polymorphic

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43
Q

Is H. werneckii polymorphic or dimorphic?

A

Polymorphic

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44
Q

What type of fungi is Malassezia furfur?

A

Superficial

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45
Q

Growth rate of M. furfur

A

5 days at 30-37 degrees Celsius

Grows poorly at 25 degrees Celsius

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46
Q

Pigment of M. furfur

A

Cream to yellowish brown

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47
Q

Associated diseases of M. furfur

A

Tinea versicolor, folliculitis, catheter associated sepsis in neonates

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48
Q

What fungi has yeastlikes cells that are actually phialides with collarettes

A

M. furfur

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49
Q

What type of fungi is Trichosporon beigelli

A

Superficial

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50
Q

Pigment of T. beigelli

A

Cream to tan, wrinkles with age

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51
Q

Associated diseases T. beigelli

A

White piedra - hair infection with soft white nodules, usually seen in beards

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52
Q

What differentiates T. Beigelli from Geotrichum

A

Blastoconidia

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53
Q

What fungi has true hyphae and pseudohyphae with blastoconidia

A

T. Beigelli

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54
Q

What type of fungi is Microsporum canis?

A

Cutaneous or dermatophyte

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55
Q

Growth rate of Microsporum canis

A

6-10 days

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56
Q

Pigment of M. canis on front and reverse

A

Front - white to yellow

Reverse - yellow to brown

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57
Q

Associated disease of Microsporum canis

A

Tinea capitis (ringworm more in animals)

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58
Q

Fungi that has septate hyphae, many rough spindle shaped thick walked macroconidia that taper to knob-like ends that contain more than six compartments

A

Microsporum canis

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59
Q

What type of fungi is Trichophyton species?

A

Cutaneous - Dermatophyte

60
Q

Growth rate of Trichophyton spp.

A

7-10 days

61
Q

Associated disease of Trichophyton spp.

A

Tinea pedia - feet
Tinea corporis - head
Tinea capitis - hair

62
Q

What fungi has septate hyphae, long cigar shaped macroconidia may be round, and in clusters or tear drop shaped and may see coiled spirals?

A

Trichophyton spp.

63
Q

What type of fungi is Trichophyton rebrum?

A

Cutaneous - Dermatohphyte

64
Q

Growth rate of T. rebrum

A

14 days

65
Q

Pigment of T. rebrum front and reverse

A

Front - Buff to white

Reverse - Tan to red

66
Q

Associated diseases of T. rebrum

A

Infects nails and skin

67
Q

What fungi has septate hyphae, teardrop shaped microconidia that form along the hyphae and on the macroconidia?

A

Trichophyton rubrum

68
Q

What type of fungi is Epidermophyton flocosum?

A

Cutaneous - Dermatophyte

69
Q

Growth rate of Epidermophyton flocosum

A

10 days

70
Q

Pigment of E. flocosum front and reverse

A

Front - White/yellow brown

Reverse - Brown to orange

71
Q

Associated disease of E. flocosum

A

Tinea curis (jock itch)

72
Q

What fungi has septate hyphae with smooth, thick walled club shaped macroconidia in clusters (2-6 celled) and no microconidia?

A

E. flocosum

73
Q

What type of fungi is Cladosporium carrioni?

A

Subcutaneous

74
Q

Growth rate of Cladosporium carrioni

A

21 days

75
Q

Pigment of C. carrioni front and reverse

A

Dematiceous (dark) green-black

76
Q

Associated disease of C. carrioni

A

Chromoblastomycosis

77
Q

What fungi has dark septate hyphae, conidiophores that vary in size, chains of oval conidia, easily dispersed with disjunctors spots seen?

A

C. carrioni

78
Q

What type of fungi is Sporothrix schenckii (dimorphic)

A

Subcutaneous

79
Q

Growth rate of Sporothrix schenckii

A

4 days

80
Q

Pigment front and reverse of S. schenckii

A

Front and Reverse - white grey black

81
Q

Associated diseases of S. shneckii

A

Sporotrichosis and rose pickers disease

82
Q

What fungi at 25 degrees has thin septate hyphae, slender tapering conidiophore at 90 degree angle, slightly swollen with cluster or pear shaped condo on denticles, known as “rosettes”?

A

Sporothrix schenckii

83
Q

What fungi at 37 degrees has round to oval and fusiform budding cells, known as “cigar bodies”?

A

Sporothrix schenckii

84
Q

What type of fungi is Histoplasma capsulatum

A

Systemic

85
Q

Growth rate of Histoplasma capsulatum

A

15-20 days

86
Q

Pigment of Histoplasma capsulatum

A

White-brown

87
Q

Associated disease of H. capsulatum

A

Histoplasmosis of inhalation of spores/conidia or darlings disease, Mississippi valley fever

88
Q

What fungi at 25 degrees (mold phase) has septate hyphae with round to pear shaped microconidia and develop large thick walled spiny macroconidia?

A

H. capsulatum

89
Q

Type of fungi is Cocidioides immitis

A

System

90
Q

Growth rate of Cocidioides immitis

A

10 days

91
Q

Pigment front/reverse of C. immitis

A

White-tan

92
Q

Associated diseases of C. immitis

A

Coccidiomycosis by inhalation of spores also referred to as Valley/San Joaquin fever

93
Q

Cocidioides immitis is urea ______?

A

Positive

94
Q

What fungi has alternating arthroconidium?

A

Cocidioides immitis

95
Q

What type of fungi is Geotrichium species?

A

Opportunistic saprophyte

96
Q

Growth rate of Geotrichium species?

A

4 days

97
Q

Front/reverse pigment of Geotrichium

A

White

98
Q

Associated diseases of Geotrichium

A

Geotrichosis - lesions in mouth, intestines, and lungs. Normal flora in man usually seen in immunocompromised.

99
Q

What fungi has coarse true hyphae that segment into arthroconidia and has yeast like colony at 25 degrees?

A

Geotrichium

100
Q

What type of fungi is Blastomyces dermatitidis

A

Systemic

101
Q

Growth rate of Blastomyces dermatitidis

A

14 days

102
Q

Pigment of Blastomyces dermatitidis

A

White-tan

103
Q

Associated disease of Blastomyces dermatitidis

A

Blastomycosis by inhalation of conidia and mostly seen in males

104
Q

Endemic area of Blastomyces dermatitidis

A

Eastern USA

105
Q

B. dermatitidis is urea _________

A

positive

106
Q

What type of fungi is Paracoccidioides brasiliensis?

A

Systemic

107
Q

Growth rate of P. brasiliensis

A

21 days

108
Q

Pigment front/reverse P. brasiliensis

A

White/tan

109
Q

Associated diseases of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis by inhalation of conidia

110
Q

Endemic area of P. brasiliensis

A

Southern Mexico and South/Central America

111
Q

Type of fungi Aspergillus fumigatus is

A

Opportunistic saprophyte

112
Q

Growth rate of Aspergillus fumigatus

A

3 days

113
Q

Pigment front/reverse Aspergillus fumigatus

A

Front - White edge with blue-green center

Reverse - White

114
Q

Associated diseases A. fumigatus

A

Hyalohyphomycosis and aspergillosis

115
Q

What is the most commonly isolated and invasive species?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

116
Q

What type of fungi is Absidia species?

A

Opportunitic zygomycetes

117
Q

Growth rate of Absidia species

A

4 days

118
Q

Pigment of Absidia species

A

Front - Grey

Reverse - White

119
Q

Absidia has _______ septate hyphae.

A

Sparsely

120
Q

What fungi has sparsely septate hyphae, branched sporangiophores arise on hyphae between the rhizoids, sporangium are oval, sporangiophes widen below the columella?

A

Absidia

121
Q

Penicillium fungi type?

A

Opportunistic saprophyte

122
Q

Growth rate of Penicillium

A

4 days

123
Q

Pigment front/reverse of Penicillium

A

Front - Blue green with white edge

Reverse - White

124
Q

Associated disease of Penicillium

A

Keratitis and ear infections

125
Q

What fungi has 10 pin phialides?

A

Penicillium

126
Q

Rhizopus species fungi type

A

Opportunistic zygomycetes

127
Q

Growth rate for Rhizopus species

A

4 days

128
Q

Pigment of Rhizopus front/reverse

A

Front - White to grey

Reverse - White

129
Q

Associated disease Rhizopus

A

Zygomycosis

130
Q

Nucor species growth rate

A

4 days

131
Q

Pigment of Mucor species

A

Front - White to grey

Reverse - White

132
Q

Growth rate of Curvularia species

A

5 days

133
Q

Pigment front/reverse of Curvularia species

A

Front - Olive green

Reverse - Black

134
Q

Growth rate of Fusarium species

A

4 days

135
Q

Pigment front/reverse of Fusarium species

A

Front - White violet

Reverse - White

136
Q

Associated disease of Fusarium species

A

Contact solution issues and can cause blindness

137
Q

Fungi with large sickle or canoe shaped macroconidia and one or 2 called microconidia?

A

Fusarium species

138
Q

Growth rate of Cryptococcus neoformans

A

3 days

139
Q

Pigment of Cryptocococcus neoformans

A

Cream to tan , very mucoid

140
Q

Associated diseases of Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Meningitis or systemic infections

141
Q

What fungi is india ink positive

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

142
Q

Candida glabrata growth rate

A

3 days

143
Q

Candida glabrata pigment

A

Cream to white

144
Q

Most common UTI is with what yeast?

A

Candida glabrata

145
Q

Trehalose is ______ for Candida glabrata?

A

Positive

146
Q

Candida tropicalis is germ tube _______.

A

Negative

147
Q

Candida albicans is germ tube _______.

A

Positive

Parasitology (5 decks)

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