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Unit 6 History > 30.3 > Flashcards

30.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do communists advance in the late 1940s?

A

East Asia

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2
Q

What victory did comm get in 1949 and what did they now control?

A
  • Victory in China
  • SU ruled 1/5 of the worlds population
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3
Q

Who led the communist forces?

A

Mao Zedong

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4
Q

What did the communists fight?

A

A cold war against Nationalists led by Jiang Jieshi

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5
Q

Who won and what did they set up after their victory?

A

Mao won and set up the People’s Republic of China

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6
Q

Where did Nationalists flee to?

A

Taiwan

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7
Q

Why did Mao win the cold war?

A
  • Mao had peasant support
  • Taxes were crushing peasants before Mao
  • Communists ended landlord operations
  • Poor peasants got land
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8
Q

Why did Nationalists lose support?

A

Because of the Nationalist policies that caused economic hardship

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9
Q

What did many resent about Jieshi?

A
  • His corruption
  • His reliance on imperialist powers
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10
Q

What did the population hope that communism would end?

A

Foreign domination

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11
Q

How did Mao win the cold war?

A

Because of the support of the communist countryside
- They took over railroads

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12
Q

What did communist win in 1950 (country)

A

Tibet

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13
Q

Who fled Tibet in 1959?

A

Dalai Lama (religious leader)

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14
Q

What did the communist ideology guide reshape?

A
  • Economy
  • Society that China inherited from the dynastic period
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15
Q

What beliefs did the communist gov discourage?

A
  • Buddhism
  • Confucianism
  • Other chinese beliefes
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16
Q

Who did the government take land away from?

A
  • Rural landlords
  • Business owners
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17
Q

What are counterrevolutionaries?

A

Opponents of communism

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18
Q

What group of people were accused of being counterrevs?

A

Bourgeoisie

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19
Q

What happened to those accused of being counterrevs?

A

They were…
- Beater
- Sent to labor camps
- Killed

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20
Q

Why was land distributed to communists?

A

To help agriculture

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21
Q

Mao called for collectivization, what does that mean?

A

Forced pooling of peasant land and labor, in an attempt to increase productivity

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22
Q

What program did Mao lead in 1958-1960?

A

The Great Leap Forward

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23
Q

What was the great leap?

A

A time where Mao urged people to make superhuman efforts to increase industry and farm output

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24
Q

What did Mao create to make agriculture more efficient?

A

Communes

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25
Q

What are communes?

A

Commonly owned and operated farms of communities

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26
Q

What was a typical commune?

A

Brought together villages and 1000 acres of land 25,000 people

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27
Q

What was a rural commune?

A

“Backyard industries”, production of steel and other products

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28
Q

Was the Great Leap a success?

A

No

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29
Q

Backyard industries had what kind of production?

A

Low quality production

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30
Q

How did the commune system cut food supply output?

A
  • Food output cut by removing incentives for industrial farmers and families
  • Neglected farmland and food shortages
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31
Q

What did farming problems lead to?

A

Famine

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32
Q

How many Chinese starved to death in 1959-1961?

A

55 million

33
Q

How did China recover from the great leap?

A

By reducing the size of communes

34
Q

What did Mao launch in 1966?

A

Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution

35
Q

What was the goal of the GPCR?

A

Purge china of bourgeois tendencies

36
Q

What did the GPCR urge young generations to do?

A

Experience the revolution first hand

37
Q

What did teenagers form and what did they wave around?

A
  • Red guard
  • The little red book
38
Q

Who did the red guards attack?

A

The bourgeois accused (usually by public humiliation)

39
Q

Skilled workers were forced to do what?

A

Leave jobs and do manual labor and work on labor camps

40
Q

What buildings closed (2 of them)

A
  • Schools
  • Factories
41
Q

What was there a threat of?

A

Civil war

42
Q

What did Mao have the army do?

A

Restore order

43
Q

Who were unseasy allies in the 1950s?

A
  • SU
  • Peoples Republic of China
44
Q

What did Stalin send to china?

A
  • Economic aid
  • Tech experiments
45
Q

What caused the SU to take away their aid to china in 1960?

A

Dispute over ideology

46
Q

What country did the US support ever after JJ left?

A

China

47
Q

What did Washington refuse to do?

A

Recognize PRC diplomatically because he saw it as a communist threat

48
Q

What did it mean to play the China card?

A

US isolated the SU between NATO (west) and hostile china (east)

49
Q

What did the US allow PRC to do?

A

Replace Taiwan in the UN in 1971

50
Q

What did the US set up with China in 1979?

A

Diplomatic relations

51
Q

What did JJ gov continue to rule Taiwan under?

A

Material law as a one party dictatorship

52
Q

What did the Taiwan government allow in the 1980s?

A

Opposing parties

53
Q

When did China threaten Taiwan?

A

When Taiwan declared independence (military threat)

54
Q

Who conquered Korea in the early 20th century?

A

Japan

55
Q

What did the US and SU do to Korea after WW2?

A

Divided Korea on the 38th parallel after Japan lost

56
Q

North Korea was ruled by who and became an ally to who?

A
  • Ruled by Kim il Sung
  • Communist ally
57
Q

South Korea was ruled by who and became an ally to who?

A
  • Ruled by Syngman Rhee
  • US ally
58
Q

What did Kim call for in 1950?

A

Heroic struggle to reunite Korea

59
Q

What did the US organize to help SK?

A

UN force

60
Q

What happened in June between NK and SK?

A

NK attacked SK and overran most of SK

61
Q

UN stopped NK where?

A

Pusan Perimeter

62
Q

Where did the US cut of NK?

A

The railroads
They cut off…
- Food supply
- Ammunition

63
Q

What alarmed Mao and what did he do about it?

A

NK defeat and he sent 1000s of Chinese troops to NK

64
Q

What did NK and SK sign in 1953?

A

Armstice

65
Q

2 million NK and SK troops remained where?

A

Demilitarized zone

66
Q

What was the demilitarized zone?

A

An area with no military forces

67
Q

There was no what between NK and SK?

A

Peace treaty

68
Q

NK…

A
  • Command economy
  • Economic struggle
  • SU aid
  • Single dictator
69
Q

SK…

A
  • Capitalist market economy
  • Economic gain
  • US aid
  • Series of dictators and military leaders
70
Q

What country reunites after the CW?

A

Germany

71
Q

What economy was ahead in 1960s?

A

SK

72
Q

What did the government hold in 1987?

A

Direct elections

73
Q

What did the elections create?

A

Smooth transition to decomcracy

74
Q

What economy slowed in the 1960s?

A

NK

75
Q

What did Kim’s emphasis on self-reliance do?

A

Kept NK isolated and poor

76
Q

What did the government build around kim?

A

Cult

77
Q

What was Kim glorified as?

A

the great leader

78
Q

SU and China took what while NK stuck to what?

A
  • SU and C took economic reforms
  • NK stuck to strict communist rules

Unit 6 History (3 decks)

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