Cell Cycle Flashcards

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0
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A

Spindle fibres move the chromosomes so that they line up on the metaphase plate at the equator of the cell.

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1
Q

What happens in prophase?

A

The chromosomes condense and become visible as two joined chromatids. Spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes at the centromeres.

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2
Q

What happens in anaphase?

A

The spindle fibres pull the sister chromatids apart. Once they are separated, the chromatids are called chromosomes in their own right.

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3
Q

What happens in telophase?

A

The separated chromatids are pulled by spindle fibres to opposite poles to form daughter nuclei. Chromosomes start to uncoil and nuclear membrane forms.

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4
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

Separation of the cytoplasm.

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5
Q

When does the G1 checkpoint occur?

A

Happens at the end of G1

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6
Q

What is monitored at the G1 checkpoint?

A

Cell size. There has to be sufficient cell mass to form two daughter cells. This checkpoint controls entry to the S phase.

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7
Q

What is checked at the G2 checkpoint?

A

Success of DNA replication to make sure each daughter cell can receive a complete copy of DNA.

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8
Q

What is Mitosis-Promoting Factor?

A

A protein complex that controls entry to mitosis. Mitosis will only be triggered if sufficient MPF is present.

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9
Q

What is monitored at the M checkpoint?

A

Chromosome Alignment- to ensure each daughter cell receives one chromatid from each chromosome.
Controls entry to anaphase.

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10
Q

What are the 3 phase in interphase?

A

G1
S
G2

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11
Q

The cell cycle consists of interphase and mitosis. Specifically when is DNA replicated?

A

S stage

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12
Q

How do you work out the mitotic index?

A

Number of cells undergoing mitosis/ total number of cells x 100

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13
Q

What is an essential gene?

A

Gene essential for cell survival

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14
Q

What is a cell specific gene?

A

Genes required for the function of a particular cell

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15
Q

What is a tissue?

A

Group of similar specialised cells performing a similar function

16
Q

What is an organ?

A

Group of tissues working together for a particular function

17
Q

Control of gene expression must be..,

A

Temporal

Spatial

18
Q

What is spatial?

A

Different genes expressed in different cells depending on where they are in the embryo