Applictions Of DNA Technology

Question 0

What genomes do eukaryotic cells have?

Answer 0

Nuclear genome

Mitochondrial genome

Question 1

What is the genome?

Answer 1

The complete complement of the genetic information of an organism

Question 2

What do we use electrophoresis for?

Answer 2

To separate DNA fragments of different lengths.

Question 3

Is DNA negatively charged or positively charged?

Answer 3

Negatively

Question 4

How do you denature DNA?

Answer 4

Breaking the hydrogen bonds by heating the DNA to approximately 95 degrees

Question 5

What is the term used to describe the formation of a double stranded molecule from single strands?

Answer 5

Hybridising/ annealing

Question 6

How many hydrogen bonds are between A-T bases?

Answer 6

2

Question 7

How many hydrogen bonds are between C-G bases?

Answer 7

3

Question 8

What are probes?

Answer 8

Single stranded sequences of DNA that have been labelled either radioactively or with a fluorescent tag

Question 9

What is needed for DNA sequencing?

Answer 9

DNA fragments
Sequencing technology accurate and fast
Computer hardware and software available for analysis

Question 10

What is needed in the dideoxy chain-termination method?

Answer 10

DNA polymerase
Primer
4 deoxynucleotide triphosphates
4 labelled deoxynucleotide triphosphates

Question 11

What are the products of dideoxy chain termination method?

Answer 11

A large number of fragments differings in length by one base and ending in a particular ddNTP

Question 12

What does BST stand for?

Answer 12

Bovine somatotrophin

Question 13

What is Bovine somatotrophin?

Answer 13

Growth hormone from Monsanto

Question 14

What does Bovine somatotrophin do?

Answer 14

Increases milk production

Question 15

What are the problems with Bovine somatotrophin?

Answer 15

Technical aspects

Animal welfare

Question 16

Why is Bovine somatotrophin not harmful to humans?

Answer 16

Because it is digested in the gut

Question 17

How is Bovine somatotrophin formed?

Answer 17

Cloned into E.coli cells where it is expressed.

Question 18

Name some genetically engineered products

Answer 18

Vaccines
Antibodies
Growth hormones

Question 19

Why is genetic modification used?

Answer 19

To improve some aspect that would benefit the producer or consumer

Question 20

Name some animal improvements?

Answer 20

Increased milk/ meat yield

Increased shelf life of fruits and vegetables

Question 21

Name some plant improvements?

Answer 21

Disease/ drought/ herbicide/ pesticide resistance
Increased yield
More controllable growth

Question 22

What is genetic modification?

Answer 22

Inserting genes for the desired characteristic into the host’s DNA

Question 23

What is needed for the production of transgenic plants?

Answer 23

Suitable vector

Mechanism for regenerating whole plants

Question 24

Name a commonly used vector and where it is found?

Answer 24

Ti plasmid | Found in soul bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Question 25

What are the symptoms of cystic fibrosis?

Answer 25

Inflammation of the lungs Persistent bacterial infection Defects in pancreatic function Production of salty sweat

Question 26

How is Cystic fibrosis caused?

Answer 26

Mutation in CFTR protein

Question 27

What is the result of a mutation in the CFTR protein?

Answer 27

Sticky mucus builds up in the lungs

Question 28

How can we test for Cystic fibrosis?

Answer 28

Polymerase chain reaction | Electrophoresis

Question 29

What is the result of a mutation in the DMD gene?

Answer 29

Affects dystrophin | Causes progressive wasting of the muscles resulting in reduced life expectancy

Question 30

What does DMD stand for?

Answer 30

Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Question 31

What is gene therapy?

Answer 31

Possibility of cloning and using a good copy of a gene to overcome the problems caused by a genetic disease

Question 32

What is gene therapy used for?

Answer 32

Target cause of disease Kill abnormal cells Inhibit the spread of viruses

Question 33

Which stage in the polymerase chain reaction is carried out at 95 degrees?

Answer 33

Separation of DNA strands