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Ocular Disease > Lens > Flashcards

Lens Flashcards

1
Q

Smoking increases the formation of which type of cataract?

A

Nuclear sclerotic cataract (NSC)

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2
Q

What is the biggest factor in developing cataract?

A

age

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3
Q

NSC can induce _______.

A

myopia

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4
Q

What are the common congenital/infantile cataracts?

A
  1. anterior polar
  2. coralliform
  3. lamellar
  4. cerulean
  5. sutural
  6. mittendorf’s dot
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5
Q

Mittendorf’s Dot congenital cataract is associated with the embryological remnant of the _______ artery on the posterior surface of the lens.

A

hyaloid

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6
Q

Which congenital cataract is associated with bluish dots scattered throughout the lens?

A

Cerulean

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7
Q

T/F posterior subcapsular is caused by the loss of lens fiber nuclei and replacement by aberrantly migrating epithelial cells.

A

True

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8
Q

Posterior subcapsular cause more glare during the day or night?

A

day because the pupil is constricted

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9
Q

What is another name for mature cataract?

A

Intumescent

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10
Q

What is another name for hypermature cataract?

A

Morgagnian

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11
Q

In which stage of cataract does the lens start to swell?

A

mature/intumescent stage

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12
Q

In which stage of cataract does the lens have complete liquifaction of the cortex?

A

hypermature/morgagnian

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13
Q

Uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa and trauma is commonly associated with which type of cataract?

A

Posterior subcapsular

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14
Q

Myopia is associated with which cataracts but not the other?

A

associated with anterior/posterior subcapsular and nuclear. not with cortical

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15
Q

Steroids, diabetes, galactosemia, wilson’s disease atopic dermatitis, miotics, chloroquine and amiodarone are associated with ________ cataract.

A

anterior/posterior subcapsular

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16
Q

What are you looking for when evaluating advance cataract?

A

you want to look at the macula and retina to see if there’s macula edema(Entoptic image or maddox rod) or retina detachement (B scan).

17
Q

Patient is a poor candidate for cataract surgery if their corneal endothelium is _______cells/mm2.

A

<800

18
Q

When evaluating the patient’s cornea before cataract surgery, you see corneal edema or corneal guttata, what would you do?

A

let the surgeon know

19
Q

The Avg length of the human eye is ______mm.

A

22-25

20
Q

1D error = _____mm

A

0.3

21
Q

What are the types of cataract surgeries?

A
  1. Intracapsular Cataract Extraction (ICCE) - entire lens removed. 3rd world countries do this.
  2. Extracapsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE)
    a. planned ECCE
    b. Phacoemulsification - best one
22
Q

Which IOL implant location is the most common?

A

Post chamber

23
Q

What are the types of IOL?

A
  1. Apodized Diffractive IOL (ReStor)
  2. Multifocal IOL (ReZoom)
  3. Crystalens
24
Q

ReZoom multifocal IOL have _____ focusing zones.

A

5

25
Q

T/F Apodized Dffractive IOL is only able to focus light onto the retina for images at one distance.

A

False. at different distances

26
Q

Which IOL mimic the eyes natural ability to focus on distance, intermediate and near objects?

A

Crystalens

27
Q

Which IOL is not good for someone who needs excellent night vision?

A

Multifocal IOL

28
Q

Multifocal IOL gives high amount of ___________.

A

astigmatism

29
Q

During which time after post-op cataract surgery would you give the final SRx to the patient?

A

6-8weeks of follow up

30
Q

How often do you have to schedule the patient back to your office for a follow up after post-op cataract surgery?

A 
1 day
1 week
1 month
2 month (give final SRx)
6 month
1 year
31
Q

What medications you can steroid and antibiotic med prescript to patients during the 1st day after post-op cataract surgery?

A
  1. TobraDex (combination of antibiotics and steroids)

2. Vigamox(Flouroquinolone antibiotics) with predisolone.

32
Q

What is the management for us optometrists during the 1st day of post-op cataract surgery?

A
  1. Shield- metal patch
  2. Steroid/Antibiotic combo
  3. NSAID’s
  4. Analgesics
  5. Restrict physical activity
33
Q

What is the management for us optometrists during the 1 week of post-op cataract surgery?

A
  1. Take off metal patch and stop antibiotic
  2. taper steroid
  3. prescript NSAIDs - Prolensa or llevro
34
Q

What is the VA have to be during your 2-4 week post-op visit in order to dilate your patient’s eyes?

A

<20/100

35
Q

What are some early post-op complications?

A

corneal edema and descemet’s detachment.

36
Q

What should you do if you see your patient with endophthalmitis post-op surgery?

A

IV/topical antibiotics and call the surgeon ASAP. “you don’t want them in your chair”.

37
Q

What are the organisms that cause endophthalmitis in post-op patients?

A

Staph. Epidermis and Staph Aureus.

38
Q

What are some late complications of post-op surgery?

A
  1. Bullous Keratophathy
  2. Rebound Iritis
  3. Posterior Capsular Opacification
  4. Windshield wiper syndrome - zonular weakness
  5. Uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome
  6. Cystoid macular edema (CME)
  7. Retinal detachment (RD)
39
Q

Cystoid Macular Edema is more common with _______ than with _______ cataract surgery.

A

ICCE, ECCE

Ocular Disease (12 decks)

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