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Question 1

What is a group of specialised cells that carry out a particular function in the body called?

Answer 1

Tissue

Question 2

Which condition is considered pre malignant so requires a referral?

Answer 2

Erythroplakia

Question 3

Which bacterium is associated with the early onset of dental caries?

Answer 3

Streptococcus

Question 4

What is the most posterior area of the maxilla?

Answer 4

Tuberosity

Question 5

Which foramen allows inferior dental nerve to pass out of mandible and into surrounding tissues to supply them with sensation?

Answer 5

Mental foramen

Question 6

Contraction of which muscle pulls the mandible backwards and closed?

Answer 6

Temporalis

Question 7

Which anatomical feature prevents the jaw from dislocating during jaw movements?

Answer 7

Articular eminence

Question 8

What structure prevents food from passing into the nasal cavity during swallowing?

Answer 8

Soft palate

Question 9

Which term refers to the area where the roots of a multirooted tooth join together?

Answer 9

Furcation

Question 10

What term describes the specialised oral soft tissue that is directly attached to the tooth?

Answer 10

Junctional epithelium

Question 11

What bones form the temporomandibular joint?

Answer 11

Head of condyle and temporal bone

Question 12

Describe enamel

Answer 12

Made of ameloblasts, covers crown of tooth, made of minerals, calcium, phosphorus and vitamins (hydroxyapatites)
Can be strengthened using fluoride to form stronger fluorapatites

Question 13

What is primary dentine?

Answer 13

Dentine you are born with, formed before tooth eruption
Made from minerals, calcium, phosphate and vitamins A and D
Yellow in appearance and goes brown when bacteria demineralises it (caries)

Question 14

What is secondary dentine?

Answer 14

Formed after tooth eruption and promoted by caries, sensitivity and calcium hydroxide
Covered by enamel
Covered in root aspect of tooth by cementum, perio ligament and alveolar bone

Question 15

Structure of secondary dentine?

Answer 15

Formed in tubules with nerve fibrils, 80% inorganic so is sensitive
Formed by odontoblasts

Question 16

Structure of secondary dentine?

Answer 16

Formed in tubules with nerve fibrils, 80% inorganic so is sensitive
Formed by odontoblasts

Question 17

What is the pulp?

Answer 17

Organic tissue filled with blood vessels, connective tissues, lymphatic vessels and nerves
Pink if healthy, red if inflamed

Question 18

How can you check a pulp’s vitality?

Answer 18

Ethyl chloride, electronic pulp testers, testing with heat

Question 19

What is the natural opening in the bone where nerves and tissues flow into known as?

Answer 19

Apical foramen

Question 20

What is cementum?

Answer 20

Thin layer covering root of tooth
Made of minerals and connective tissues and formed with cementoblasts
Keeps teeth in place and gets thicker with time
takes nutrients from perio ligaments

Question 21

What is the periodontal ligament?

Answer 21

Forms a thin but strong layer around root of tooth, supports tooth in socket by forming attachment between compact bone and cementum
Sensitive to pain and pressire

Question 22

What is the gingival crevice?

Answer 22

Where the tooth meets the gums
Sits around the cuffs of the tooth
“Skin of the tooth”

Question 23

What is the temporal bone?

Answer 23

Forms side of head, protects temporal lobe and as well as cranial nerves

Question 24

What is the zygomatic arch?

Answer 24

Bone that forms the cheek, also where masseter muscle originates from

Question 25

What is the hard palate?

Answer 25

Bone structure behind central upper incisors

Question 26

What is the soft palate?

Answer 26

Behind hard palate, stops food from going up into sinus as well as directing food down to aid swallowing

Question 27

What is the rugae and what is its job?

Answer 27

Rigid tissue covering hard palate Helps with sucking and talking

Question 28

What is the coronoid process?

Answer 28

Pointed process sticking up at front of mandible

Question 29

What is the lamina dura/compact bone?

Answer 29

Encloses around roots of tooth and lies next to alveolar bone and perio ligament

Question 30

What is the posterior superior nerve?

Answer 30

Covers second and third molars and buccal gum Can do a nerve block to anaesthetise this nerve so both molars and their buccal gingivae are numbed

Question 31

What is the middle superior nerve?

Answer 31

Covers premolars, first molar and buccal gum

Question 32

What is the anterior superior nerve?

Answer 32

Covers upper incisors, canines and buccal gum

Question 33

What is the lingual nerve?

Answer 33

Covers 2/3 of tongue and numbing this nerve will numb lingual side of mouth

Question 34

What is the mental nerve?

Answer 34

Supplies lower lip, buccal mucosa, as well as incisors, canines and first premolars

Question 35

What is the inferior dental nerve?

Answer 35

Supplies all lower teeth and lip Provides sensation to lower molars, premolars, chin and lower lip

Question 36

Where are the salivary glands?

Answer 36

Parotid - under ear on outside of ramus Submandibular - in submandibular fossa inside angle of mandible Sublingual - in sublingual fossa (pit on inner body of mandible)

Question 37

Composition of saliva

Answer 37

99% water Contains proteins, enzymes, waste products, gases, lymphocytes, food and minerals

Question 38

What virus causes chicken pox?

Answer 38

Herpes varicella

Question 39

What virus causes shingles?

Answer 39

Herpes zoster

Question 40

What virus causes cold sores?

Answer 40

Herpes simplex/herpes labialis

Question 41

What does the trigeminal nerve supply?

Answer 41

Teeth, surrounding tissues, muscles and some suprahyoid muscles

Question 42

What does the facial nerve supply?

Answer 42

Some taste sensation, some salivary glands and muscles of facial expression

Question 43

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve supply?

Answer 43

Some taste sensations, parotid salivary glands and muscles of pharynx

Question 44

What does the hypoglossal nerve supply?

Answer 44

Muscles of anterior 2/3 of tongue, geniohyoid muscle of suprahyoids

Question 45

Explain temporalis muscle

Answer 45

Originates at temporal bone Inserts at coronoid process of mandible Pulls mandible backwards and closed

Question 46

Explain masseter muscle

Answer 46

Originates at zygomatic arch Inserts at outer surface of mandibular ramus and angle Closes the mandible

Question 47

Explain buccinator

Answer 47

Cheek muscle, connects muscular wall of throat to obicularis oris Helps with chewing movements Is attached above and below outer surface of alveolar process

Question 48

Explain orbicularis oris

Answer 48

Runs between rings and into surrounding tissues to allow movement of lips, mouth, eyelids and nostrils

Question 49

Explain mylohyoid and geniohyoid

Answer 49

Both insert in hyoid bone and lift it and lift larynx when swallowing

Question 50

Explain TMJ

Answer 50

Formed between head of condyle and temporal bone Condyle rests in glenoid fossa when mouth is closed

Question 51

What is articular eminence?

Answer 51

Front edge of glenoid fossa formed into a ridge