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Law 12 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Suffragette movement

A
  • end of 1800’s

- women joined together to obtain suffrage (right to vote)

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1
Q

Women’s rights 150 years ago

A
  • excluded from universities
  • couldn’t run for office
  • few career opportunities
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2
Q

Dr. Emily Stowe

A
  • established Canada’s first suffrage union in 1876

- fought for suffrage rights

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3
Q

Nellie McClung

A
  • established suffrage union in 1912

- convinced Manitoba to give women the right to vote in 1916

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4
Q

Women in WW1

A
  • worked in factories & farms while men were overseas
  • women in Canada could vote by end of War
  • men reclaimed their jobs when they came home from war –> women returned to traditional roles
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5
Q

Agnes MacPhail

A
  • first female MP
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6
Q

Person’s Case

A
  • in 1927, “Famous Five” asked parl. to define the term “person” - does it include women?
  • Supreme Court said no –> women couldn’t be senators
  • in 1929, British Court overruled it –> women were persons & could become senators
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7
Q

Carine Wilson

A
  • first female senator
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8
Q

Women in WW2

A
  • joined the army but were paid 20% less than men and weren’t allowed to fight in combat
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9
Q

Women’s rights In the 50’s and 60’s

A
  • 1955: legislation favouring hiring of men was abolished

- 1960: Canadian bill of rights passed –> states that it’s illegal to discriminate someone based on their sex

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10
Q

Women’s rights in the charter

A
  • in 1982, women’s rights were protected under section 28 of Charter
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11
Q

Women’s Issues Today

A
  • although pay equity is law, inequalities persist, and women are still discriminated upon in the workplace
  • although Employment Equity Act is in effect, some organizations fail to hire & promote minority groups such as women
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12
Q

Collective Rights for Natives

A
  • Come from occupying Canada for thousands of years as distinct nations
  • focus on land and the right to self-government
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13
Q

Natives in the 1600’s

A
  • when Europeans arrived, military alliances and partnerships were formed
  • Europeans depended on First Nations to maintain fur trade
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14
Q

Royal Proclamation of 1763

A
  • states that individuals couldn’t privately buy land from Natives
  • framework for treaty making
  • “Native Magna Carta”: recognizes Natives as nations
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15
Q

Native Rights in the 1800’s

A
  • seen as “barriers” by Europeans looking for cheap farmland
  • gov. created treaties to remove Native People from their land and place them in reserves to assimilate them into society
16
Q

Indian Act of 1868

A
  • defined who was “Indian”

- banned various traditions

17
Q

Residential Schools

A
  • ran by Churches until the 1960’s

- took native children from families & punished them for speaking their language

18
Q

Native lobbyists & leaders

A
  • in the 1950’s, Natives began to fight to reverse assimilation
  • Native Indian Brotherhood (later known as Assembly of First Nations) lobbied gov. to settle land claims
  • Trudeau’s White Paper of 1969 made Natives more determined to fight for their rights
19
Q

Nisga’a Case

A
  • gov. Recognized that they had legal title to their land
  • gov. Introduced process for negotiating land claims settlements
  • in 1998, they signed the first-ever treaty between a Native Group and the BC government
20
Q

Wet’suwet’en & Gitxsan case

A
  • court defined meaning of Native Title

- outlined what they could demand once they’d established Native Title

21
Q

Native Rights & Canada’s Consititution

A
  • section 25 of charter & section 35 of constitution act addresses native rights
22
Q

Elijah Harper

A
  • opposed Meech Accord of 1990 because it didn’t recognize First Nations as Equal Founding Partners
  • champion of Native Rights
23
Q

Native Rights Today

A
  • still face barriers to equality
  • communities in state of crisis
  • racism still occurs
  • how to solve these problems remains up for debate
24
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923

A
  • abolished head tax

- made it impossible for Chinese citizens to move to Canada

25
Q

Chinese people and the Canadian Pacific Railway

A
  • Chinese people built railway in the 1800’s
  • earned half of what others earned
  • weren’t welcome in Canada after railroad’s completion
  • parl. imposed Chinese Head Tax
26
Q

Anti-Asian sentiment

A
  • gov. Discouraged Asian immigrants
  • prevented Asians from voting or having jobs
  • Laurier gov. Introduced regulation to prevent immigration from India
27
Q

Immigration Act

A
  • gov. Could reject immigrants from “unsuitable” races

- dept. of immigration made a list of preferred countries –> continued legal discrimination against Asians

28
Q

Discrimination in WW1

A
  • Ukrainians branded as enemy aliens –> thousands imprisoned
29
Q

Japanese discrimination in WW2

A
  • placed in internment camps due to Pearl Harbour Attack
  • worked for gov. For 25 cents a day
  • gov. confiscated & sold their property
  • thousands deported to Japan
30
Q

Jewish discrimination in WW2

A
  • refused entry of Jewish refugees –> felt like they would upset ethnic balance
  • forced them back to Europe where they died in Holocaust
31
Q

King’s Immigration Policy

A
  • created selection process to ensure that number of immigrants didn’t exceed capacity
  • only “desirable future citizens” admitted –> aka Europeans –> thousands came to Canada to escape results of WW2
32
Q

New Immigration Policy of 1967

A
  • gov. eliminated race, religion, and origin as basis for selecting immigrants
  • introduced points system to select immigrants based on ability, not nationality –> African, Asian, and Latin immigrants arrived and Canada became multicultural
33
Q

Immigration & Refugee Act of 2001

A
  • new selection criteria to identify highly skilled immigrants as well as suspected criminals/terrorists
  • more specific about visitor visas –> must leave when visa expires
34
Q

Pierre Trudeau’s role in gay rights

A
  • decriminalized homosexuality in 1967
35
Q

Stonewall Inn riot

A
  • 1969

- start of the gay rights movement in North America

36
Q

Gay rights in Canadian Human Rights Act

A
  • in 1996, federal gov. added “sexual orientation” to the act to prevent discrimination against homosexuals by the gov.
  • however, gay people were NOT included in the charter
37
Q

Gay rights in 1997

A
  • federal gov. extends employee benefits to members of same-sex couples
38
Q

Gay Rights in 1999

A
  • due to case of M vs H, Supreme Court ruled that same-sex couples have the same rights & responsibilities as heterosexual couples

Law 12 (9 decks)

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