Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CMPP > Cardiomyopathy > Flashcards

Cardiomyopathy Flashcards

1
Q

diseases of the heart muscle

A

cardiomyopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what percent of HF are cardiomyopathies?

A

5-10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what can’t a patient have if they’re diagnosed with cardiomyopathy?

A

dysfunction from other structural heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what kind of dysfunctions do cardiomyopathies have?

A

mechanical and or electrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a common cause of cardiomyopathy

A

genetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what structural abnormality do cardiomyopathies have?

A

ventricular hypertrophy or dilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

three types of cardiomyopathies

A

dilated
hypertrophic
restrictive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

early symptoms of cardiomyopathy

A

exertional intolerance
breathlessness & fatigue
may go unnoticed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does cardiomyopathy eventually resemble?

A

CHF

peripheral edema may not appear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cardiomyopathy associated with

A

AV regurgitation
chest pain
Atrial and Ventricular tachycardias
embolic events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the trend in prevelance with cardiomyopathies?

A

increasing due to increased awareness and testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what percent of cardiomyopathies associated with heritability?

A

30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what kind of inheritance are cardiomyopathies?

A

autosomal dominant

or spontaneous genetic mutations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4 questions to ask about family history

A

Hx of cardiomyopathy
sudden death
a fib or pacer by middle age
muscular dystrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 types of cardiomyopathy

A

dilated
restrictive
hypertrophic
(all LV dysfunction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy

A

blown out ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

compromised filling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

diastolic dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

EF of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

<30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

EF of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

25-50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

EF of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

> 60% (normal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

LV diastolic size of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

LV diastolic size of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

LV diastolic size of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

LV wall thickness of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

LV wall thickness of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

LV wall thickness of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

valvular regurg in all cariomyopathies

A

mitral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

first symptom of all cardiomyopathies?

A

exertional intolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

congestive symptom of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Left before right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

congestive symptom of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

congestive symptom of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

late finding left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

arrhythmia for dilated cardiomyopathy

A

V tach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

arrhythmia for restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

uncommon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

arrythmia for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

v tach

a fib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

an enlarged LV with decreased systolic function as measured by LV ejection fraction

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

when does diastolic failure increase with dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

as volume overload increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what are acquired cased of dilated cardiomyopathy attributed to?

A

brief primary injury resulting in myocyte death

infection or toxin exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

pathophys of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

injury > myocyte death
myocytes hypertrophy to accomodate work load
remodeling of wall > dilation
dilation > mitral regurg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

how long does the process of dilated cardiomyopathy take?

A

months to years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what social histories can contribute to dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

alcohol
illicit drugs
chemo
radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

assessment of volume status in dilated cardiomyopathy

A

JVD

edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

assessment of functional capacity in dilated cardiomyopathy

A

flight of stairs
exertional chest pain
dizziness
fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

bloodwork for dilated cardiomyopathy work up

A

CBC with diff
Chem 12
viral titers
rheumatologic factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

radiology for dilated cardiomyopathy work up

A

CXR (cardiomegaly)
echo
EKG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

infective causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

viral
bacterial
parasitic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

non-infective causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

A 
non-infective inflammation
peripartum or postpartum
alcohol
stimulants
chemo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

pathophys of viral myocarditis

A

acute viral infections in respiratory or GI tract
viral invasion & replication > direct myocardial injury
viral proteases degrade myocytes
viral antigens trigger immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

clinical picture of viral myocarditis

A

young adult
progressive dyspnea & weakness over a few days
recent viral infection
fevers & myalgias
atypical or anginal chest pain
rapidly progresses from febrile respiratory syndrome > cardiogenic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

what can viral myocarditis present as

A

acute fulminant myocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

treatment goals for viral myocarditis

A

hemodynamic stabilization
RAAS antagonism for HF treatment
betablockers, ACEIs, ARBs, nitrates, diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

viruses which cause viral myocarditis

A 
coxsackie
echovirus
influenza
herpesviruses (varicella, cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr)
HIV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

chagas’ disease may cause

A

parasitic myocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

third most common parasitic infection in the world

A

chagas disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

most common cause of cardiomyopathy

A

chagas disease

56
Q

what is the parasite in chagas disease

A

protozoan trypansoma cruzi

57
Q

where is chagas disease seen

A

south and central america

58
Q

where is there an increasing incidence of chagas disease?

A

western world

59
Q

what does the acute phase of Chagas appear like?

A

goes unrecognized

60
Q

how long does chagas develop over?

A

10-30 years (silently)

61
Q

what is survival rate of chagas after onset of HF

A

<30%

62
Q

what does the parasite cause in chagas disease

A

myocyte lysis

chronic immune response

63
Q

how does one get chagas disease

A

triamtomine bug bites infected animal & obtains protozoan
bug sleeps on face and defecates on you
transmision of protozoa through feces into mucous membranes

64
Q

parasitic myocarditis contracted through undercooked beef or pork

A

toxoplasmosis

65
Q

parasitic myocarditis contracted through tsete fly bites in africa

A

trypanosominasis (african sleeping sickness)

66
Q

what does diphtheria cause

A

bacterial myocarditis from sepsis

67
Q

where is diphtheria increasing

A

countries without routine vaccination

68
Q

how does diphtheria affect the heart

A

releases a toxin that impairs protein synthesis

69
Q

what infection produces gas bubbles in the myocardium from released toxin

A

clostridial infections

70
Q

what infection is associated with rheumatic fever?

A

streptococcal

71
Q

what causes spirochetal myocarditis

A

borrelia burgdorderi (lyme disease)

72
Q

what does lyme’s present as

A

arthritis and conduction disease

73
Q

how do you treat lyme disease

A

antibiotics, resolves in 1-2 weeks

74
Q

what is the most common noninfectious inflammatory cause

A

sarcoidosis

75
Q

what is a multi-system disease most commonly affecting the lungs that leads to nonifectious cardiomyopathy

A

sarcoidosis

76
Q

who is sarcoidosis most common in

A

AA males

77
Q

what does sarcoidosis lead to

A

heart failure

dysrhythmias

78
Q

what is the injury in sarcoidosis

A

granuloma formation in myocardium

79
Q

when does peripartum cardiomyopathy develop

A

last trimester

within 6 months post partum

80
Q

prevelance of peripartum cardiomyopathy

A

1:3-15,000 deliveries

81
Q

increased risk of peripartum cardiomyopathy with

A 
higher maternal age
twin pregnancy
malnutrition
tocolytic use (slow down contractions)
preeclampsia
toxemia (eclampsia)
82
Q

most common toxic cardiomyopathy

A

alcohol

83
Q

percentage of heart failure cases alcohol causes

A

10%

84
Q

how much do you have to drink to get alcoholic toxic cardiomyopathy

A

6 drinks perday for 5-10 years

85
Q

where does toxicity come from in alcohol

A

alochol and metabolite acetaldehyde

86
Q

what does alcohol affect in cardiomyopathy

A

diastolic dysfunction

87
Q

what illicit drugs cause toxic cardiomyopathy

A

cocaine and catecholamine stimulants (meth & bath salts)

88
Q

what does cocaine and stimulants cause in toxic cardiomyopathy?

A

microinfarcts > chronic cardiomyopathy

89
Q

what affect does cocaine have on the vessels

A

constriction

90
Q

what medical treatment can cause toxic cardiomyopathy

A

chemotherapy

91
Q

what is apical ballooning or stress-induced cardimyopathy called

A

tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy

92
Q

who typically gets tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy?

A

older women

93
Q

what affect on the heart does tako-tsubo have?

A

global ventricular dilation with basal contraction

94
Q

shape of tako-tsubo heart

A

narrow necked jar shape from increased sympathetic stimulation

95
Q

presentation of tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy

A 
pulmonary edema
chest pain
EKG mimics AMI
LV dysfunction beyond one coronary artery
symptomatic care
96
Q

marked LV hypertrophy in absense of other causes

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

97
Q

septum larger than free wall

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

98
Q

old terms for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)

idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS)

99
Q

cardinal features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A 
LV hypertrophy
diastolic dysfunction
systolic outflow obstruction
systolic anterior motion of mitral valve
excessive LV emptying
100
Q

variable factors of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

severity

level of peripheral resistance

101
Q

what do low resistance and low blood volume lead to in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

obstruction

102
Q

incidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

incidence of 1:5,000 adults

103
Q

main cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

genetic

1/2 autosomal dominant

104
Q

age of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

20-40

105
Q

most common presenting symptom for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

DOE

106
Q

other symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

chest pain
paliptations
first manifestation could be sudden cardiac death

107
Q

murmur of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

crescendo-decrescendo mid systolic murmur

108
Q

where is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy murmur heard best?

A

LLSB

109
Q

what is murmur in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy a result of

A

outflow tract obstruction (turbulent flow to aorta)

110
Q

how is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy diffferent than aortic stenosis?

A

location

does not radiate

111
Q

which murmur has the opposite effect of venous return than most murmurs

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

112
Q

pulse in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

bifid due to delayed ejection

113
Q

EKG on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

LV hypertrophy

114
Q

ECHO of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

enlarged LV

mitral regurg

115
Q

goals of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

symptom management
reduce HR and contractility to increase diastolic filling
prevent sudden cardiac death

116
Q

what is used to prevent sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

amiodarone

117
Q

what is used to reduce HR and contractility in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

verapamil
beta blockers
CCB

118
Q

who are those at highest risk for sudden cardiac death?

A 
previous sustained V tach
family history of sudden death
septal wall thickness >3cm
recurrent syncope
exercise induced hypotension
non-sustained V tach
119
Q

how to treat sudden cardiac death hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

ICV!

120
Q

what should patients avoid if they have Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

intense training or competition

121
Q

what is the best solution for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

implant a cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)

treat symptoms

122
Q

what medications might you give for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

diuretics for fluid

anticoagulants for a fib

123
Q

what surgery is an option for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

surgical myomectomy

124
Q

non-dilated LV with normal wall thickness

A

restrictive cardiomyopathy

125
Q

stiff ventricular wall leading to diastolic failure

A

restrictive cardiomyopathy

126
Q

decreased ventricular filling
increase filling pressures
increase LA pressures

A

restrictive cardiomyopathy

127
Q

what happens to systolic function of LV in restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

systolic function preserved

128
Q

causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

storage diseases: amyloidosis
immunologic diseases: sarcoidosis
scarring post radiation therapy

129
Q

what age does restrictive cardiomyopathy present at

A

any

130
Q

what side HF does restrictive cardiomyopathy cause

A

either

131
Q

signs/symptoms of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A 
dyspnea
peripheral edema
palpitations
fatigue
weakness
exercise intolerance
132
Q

EKG findings of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

no specific

maybe a fib

133
Q

conduction issues of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

premature beats or AV blocks

134
Q

findings on CXR for restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

cardiomegaly secondary to atrial enlargement
pulmonary venous congestion
pleural effusions
pericardial calcification

135
Q

how do we differentiate restrictive pericarditis from restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

BNP usually elevated in restrictive cardiomyopathy
history of pericarditis or storage disease
ECHO

136
Q

Tx of cardiomyopathy

A

none
symptomatic care
diuretics, CCB, BB, ACEI, ARBs
anticoagulation for a fib patients

CMPP (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions