Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Haemostasis And Thrombosis > Flashcards

Haemostasis And Thrombosis Flashcards

0
Q

How is warfarin administered?

A

Orally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

How do you treat bleeding as an ADR?

A

Stop anticoagulants
Urgent CT scan
Clotting analysis
Fluid recuss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain the pk of warfarin

A 
Narrow therapeutic index 
INR 
Protein bound 
Hepatic metabolism 
Stop 3 days before an op
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What factors does warfarin inhibit?

A

Factors II, VII, IX, X

Affects protein C and protein S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the ADRs of warfarin?

A

Teratogenic

Bleeding or bruising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the interaction with alcohol and warfarin?

A

It is ok if you drink consistently but binge drinking is bad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What drugs potentiate warfarin?

A

Aspirin - binds
Anti platelets - aspirin, nsaids
Decreased vitamin K - antibiotics
Inhibits hepatic metabolism - alcohol, amiodarone, ciprofloxacin, cimetidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What drugs inhibit warfarin?

A

Vitamin k
Antiepileptics
St Johns wart
CYP inducers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What drug monitoring do you have to do for warfarin?

A

INR
Prothrombin
Extrinsic pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do you reverse warfarin?

A

Vitamin K if not immediate as it takes 6 hours

Or fresh frozen plasma for immediate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain heparin pk

A

Not absorbed by the gut so it has to be inserted sc or iv
IV immediately
SC 1 hour
40-90 min half life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain low molecular weight heparin pk

A 
High bioavailability 
Longer t 1/2 
First order kinetics 
Renal elimination 
Given peri operatively
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does heparin do?

A

Activate antithrombin which inhibits thrombin and factor Xa

Although LMWH does not affect thrombin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is heparin used for?

A

DVT
PE
AF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the ADRs of heparin?

A

Bleeding/bruising
Osteoporosis
Thrombocytopaenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What drug monitoring do you have to do with heparin?

A

Loading dose
IV infusion
APTT
Only for unfractionated heparin

16
Q

How do you reverse heparin?

A

Dissociates heparin from antithrombin III

Irreversible binding

17
Q

Name some direct thrombin inhibitors

A

Lepirudin

Dabigatran

18
Q

Name some selective inhibitors of Xa

A

Edoxaban

Aplxaban

19
Q

What do platelet ADP receptor antagonists do?

A

Inhibit ADP

Platelet plug cannot be made

20
Q

What are the ADRs of platelet ADP receptor antagonists?

A

Rash
Dyspepsia
Diarrhoea

21
Q

Give an example of the platelet ADP receptor antagonists

A

Clopidogrel

22
Q

What does dipyridamole do?

A

Inhibits platelet aggregation by inhibiting phosphidesterase
Inhibits thromboxane A2

23
Q

What are the ADRs of dipyridamole?

A

Dizziness
Headache
GI disturbance

24
Q

What do glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists do?

A

Inhibits the final common pathway for platelets

25
Q

What are the 3 types of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists?

A

Monoclonal antibodies
Peptides
Non peptide small molecule antagonists

26
Q

Explain how aspirin works

A

COX-I inhibition
Inhibits thromboxane A2
Irreversible acetylation of COX-I
Oral administration

27
Q

What are the ADRs of aspirin?

A

Bleeding
Dose related
PUD
Gastric erosions

28
Q

Explain how streptokinase works

A 
Extracted from beta haemolytic streptococci 
Bacterial protein 
Activates plasminogen 
Given IV 
T1/2 15 minutes 
Cleaved by the liver
29
Q

What are the ADRs of streptokinase?

A

Transient hypotension

Allergic reactions

30
Q

Explain rTPAs

A 
Can be given to people who have had streptokinase 
Clot selective 
Alteplase t1/2 3 minutes 
Renal and hepatic clearance 
Easy to administer
31
Q

What is thrombolysis used for?

A

PE
MI
Major venous thrombus

32
Q

What are the contraindications of recombinant TPAs

A 
Active PUD 
Recent trauma 
Cerebral haemorrhage 
Age 
Pregnancy 
Coagulation defect 
Uncontrolled hypertension

Pharmacology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions