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Earth Science 9th grade > Chapter 2 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Test Flashcards

0
Q

Fracture

A

Tendency to beak with rough or jagged edges

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1
Q

Cleavage

A

Tendency to break along smooth flat surfaces

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2
Q

Hardness

A

The measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched

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3
Q

Luster

A

Reflection of light from a minerals surface

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4
Q

Streak

A

Color left by powdered mineral on unglazed porcelain

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5
Q

What three tests can you perform to help you identify an unknown mineral sample?

A

Hardness,cleavage or fracture test, streak and luster

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6
Q

What are minerals?

A

A naturally occurring,inorganic, solid substance with a specific composition and crustal structure

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7
Q

Why is color NOT a good property to use to identify a mineral sample?

A

Many minerals share the same color

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8
Q

Igneous rocks

A

Form from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava

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9
Q

Where do igneous rocks form?

A

1) intrusive environment-form below earths surface, slow cooling, large crystals
2) extrusive environment-form on ergs surface, rapid cooling,fine or no crystals

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10
Q

All igneous rocks begin in the______ state of matter

A

Liquid

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11
Q

Lava

A

Molten rock at Earths surface

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12
Q

Magma

A

Molten rock within Earths surface

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13
Q

What three ways that scientists use to classify igneous rocks?

A

Texture, rate of cooling and origin

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14
Q

Describe how cooling affects the size of mineral grains in an igneous rock

A

The slower the rate of cooling the bigger the crystals

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15
Q

Sedimentary rocks

A

Form from the accumulation of sediments on Earths surface

16
Q

Types of textures of sedimentary rocks

A

Clastic
Crystalline
Bioclastic

17
Q

How to determine a sedimentary rock?

A

Texture and composition

18
Q

Put the following sediments in SMALLEST TO LARGEST(6)

A

Clay,silt,sand,pebbles,cobbles and boulders

19
Q

What are metamorphic rocks made form?

A

Pre-existing rock

20
Q

Regional metamorphism

A
  • changed by intense pressure
  • deep within the earths crust
  • texture foliated
  • large geographic area
21
Q

Contact metamorphism

A
  • the rock is recrystallized by heats of magma and lava
  • non foliated
  • small geographic area
22
Q

How to identify metamorphic rocks?

A

Texture and mineral composition

23
Q

Explain why metamorphic rocks don’t form on the earths surface

A

There’s no pressure

24
Q

Which rock type forms deep below earths surface?

A

Metamorphic rock

25
Q

Which rock type forms in bodies of water?

A

Sedimentary rock

26
Q

Which rock type forms both on and below the surface of the earth?

A

Igneous rocks

27
Q

Dilute hydrochloric acid test is for the mineral________

A

Calcite

28
Q

Crystal structure(shape) is a result of an____________

A

Orderly atomic structure

Earth Science 9th grade (2 decks)

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