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Anatomy - BAM > Final: Lecture 19 > Flashcards

Final: Lecture 19 Flashcards

0
Q

Hip relevant palpable features

A

•Greater sciatic notch, ischial spine, lesser sciatic notch, ischial tuberosity, articular (lunate) surface, acetabular fossa, acetabular notch, obturator foramen, auricular surface

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1
Q

Hip muscle attachment sites

A

•Anterior gluteal line, posterior gluteal line, inferior gluteal line

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2
Q

Hip palpable feature

A

•Iliac crest

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3
Q

Sacrum muscle attachment, relevant impalpable, and palpable features

A
  • Muscle: lateral sacral crest
  • Impalpable: auricular surface, posterior sacral foramina, lumbosacral articular surface, sacral part of pelvic brim, anterior sacral foramina
  • Palpable: median sacral crest
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4
Q

Femur muscle attachment sites

A

•Greater trochanter, trochanteric fossa, intertrochanteric crest, greater trochanter, quadrate tubercle, gluteal tuberosity

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5
Q

Structures exiting the Greater Sciatic Foramen

A
  • Gluteal neurovascular bundles
  • Piriformis m.
  • Sciatic nerve
  • Posterior Femoral cutaneous n
  • Pudendal n and internal pudendal n
  • Obturator internus/superior gemellus nerve
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6
Q

Structures entering the Lesser Sciatic Forament

A
  • Pudendal n and internal pudendal artery

* Obturator internus/superior gemellus nerve

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7
Q

T/F the Obturator internus enters the Lesser Sciatic Foramen

A

•False, exits

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8
Q

Superior gluteal nerve

A
  • Leaves pelvis uperior to piriformis with superior gluteal artery
  • Runs between gluteus medius and minimus
  • **Supplies gluteus medius, minimus, and tensor fascia latae
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9
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve

A
  • Leaves pelvis inferior to piriformis with inferior gluteal artery
  • **supplies gluteus maximus
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10
Q

Sciatic nerve

A
  • Leaves pelvis inferior to piriformis
  • Runs inferiorly deep to gluteus maximus
  • Usually divides about halfway down thigh into tibial and common fibular nerves
  • L4-S3, doesn’t supply any gluteal structures
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11
Q

Pudendal Nerve

A
  • Anterior divisions of S2-S4 ventral rami
  • S2, 3, 4 keeps your penis off the floor
  • Most medial structure exiting greater sciatic foramen
  • Reenters pelvis via lesser sciatic foramen to supply perineal structures
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12
Q

Superior Gluteal Artery

A
  • Largest internal iliac artery branch
  • Superficial branch: gluteus maximus
  • Deep branch: gluteus medius, minimus, and tensor fascia lata
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13
Q

Inferior Gluteal Artery

A
  • Supplies: Maximus, small lateral rotators, superior hamstrings
  • Participates in cruciate anastomosis of thigh
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14
Q

Internal Pudendal Artery

A
  • Reenters pelvis via lesser sciatic foramen
  • Supplies perineal muscles of ext genitalia
  • Does not supply any gluteal structures
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15
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A
  • Chief extensor of thigh and lateral rotation
  • Slight extension of leg when working with TFL, through IT band
  • Innervation: Inferior gluteal (L5-S1)
  • Attach at posterior gluteal line
16
Q

Gluteus Medius and Minimus

A
  • Medius over minimus
  • Thigh abduction and medial rotation
  • Innervation: superior gluteal (L5-S1)
17
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata

A
  • Innervation: superior gluteal

* Function: abducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh, slight extension of knee along with maximus

18
Q

Iliotibial track of TFL

A
  • Runs from iliac tubercle to tubercle (Gerdy’s) on lateral tibial condyle
  • Reinforced by tendinous fibers from TFL and maximus
  • Functions: assists in decelerating adduction of thigh (abduction), laterally stabilizes knee, Extends leg, compensate for quads paralysis, pulls patella laterally, antagonist of vastus medialis, and synergist with flexing vastus lateralis
  • Stretch to treat chondromalacia patella
19
Q

What is it called when a patient has a superior gluteal nerve injury and loses steadying action of gluteus medius and minimus?

A
  • Gluteal gait or limp, Positive Trendelenburg’s sign

* Will lean away from side that doesn’t work

20
Q

Piriformis

A
  • lies deep to maximus
  • medial to medius
  • Demarcates gluteal blood vessels and nerves
21
Q

Obturator Externus

A
  • Deep to pectineus
  • Attachments: external margins of obturator foramen, trochanteric fossa
  • Innervation: Obturator nerve (L3, L4)
22
Q

Which of the small lateral rotators is least effective when the thigh is flexed?

A

•quadratus femoris

23
Q

Posterior Thigh Muscles

A
  • Hamstrings
  • Common proximal attachment: ischial tuberosity, except short head of biceps femoris
  • Common Innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve, except short head (common fibular portion)
  • Functions: thigh extension, except short head, leg flexion (all four)
24
Q

Semitendinosus

A
  • long, cordlike tendon that begins 2/3 of the way down the thigh
  • Function: extend thigh, flex leg (med rotate)
  • Innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve
  • Attachments: ischial tuberosity, medial surface of superior aspect of tibia
25
Q

Biceps Femoris

A
  • Long head: flex leg, extend thigh, tibial division of sciatic, attach ischial tuberosity
  • Short head: only flexed leg, common fibular branch of sciatic, attach distal lateral lip of linea aspera
  • common insertion on the head of the fibula
26
Q

Adductor Magnus

A
  • Attaches proximally at ischial tuberosity and distally to the adductor tubercle of the medial epicondyle of femur
  • Function: extend thigh
  • Innervation: tibial division of sciatic
27
Q

The diamond-shaped region posterior to the knee is call the ______ _______.

A

•Popliteal fossa

28
Q

Popliteal Fossa boundaries

A
  • superomedially: semitendinosus and semimembranosus
  • Superolaterally: biceps femoris
  • Inferolaterally: lateral head gastrocnemius
  • Inferomedailly: medial head gastrocnemius
29
Q

Popliteal fossa contents (superficial to deep)

A
  • Nerves
  • Popliteal vein, lymph nodes and branches
  • popliteal artery and branches
30
Q

What view terminates the popliteal vein?

A

•Small saphenous vein

31
Q

What nerve winds around the head and neck of the fibula and is susceptible to injury?

A

•Common Fibular (Peroneal) nerve

Anatomy - BAM (10 decks)

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