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Finak Year 3 > 305 > Flashcards

305 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Which of the following is wrong for the hypophysis?
    A. It has two major parts, neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis
    B. It lies within pituitary fossa
    C. Diaphragma sellae covers the hypophysis superiorly
    D. Superior and inferior hypophysial artery supply the hypophysis
    E. Vasopressin and oxytocin are secreted to neurohypophysis, via the portal system
A

E. Vasopressin and oxytocin are secreted to neurohypophysis, via the portal system

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2
Q
  1. A 34-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with a large mass at her thyroid gland.
    Ultrasound examination reveals a benign tumor. Twenty-four hours following a partial thyroidectomy, in which the inferior thyroid artery was also ligated, the patient speaks with a hoarse voice and has difficulty in breathing on exertion. Which of the following nerves was most likely injured during the surgical procedure?
    A. Internal branch of superior laryngeal
    B. Ansa cervicalis
    C. Ansa subclavia
    D. Recurrent laryngeal
    E. External branch of superior laryngeal
A

D. Recurrent laryngeal

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3
Q
  1. Middle suprarenal artery is the branch of which of the following artery?
    A. Inferior phrenic artery
    B. Renal artery,
    C.Abdominal aorta
    D. Celiac trunk
    E. Superior mesenteric artery
A

C.Abdominal aorta

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4
Q
  1. A 3-month-old infant is under observation in the pediatric clinic. The patient has no thymus, congenital parathyroidism and thyroid hypoplasia. Abnormal development of which of the following pharyngeal pouches or arches will most likely produce these defects?
    A. First and second
    B. Second and third
    C. Third and fourth
    D. Fourth
    E. Fourth and sixth
A

C. Third and fourth

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5
Q
  1. Pregnant women who have begun labor but in whom this process is no longer progressing are often given an IV injection of X drug to stimulate uterine contractions and facilitate parturition. X drug consists of an hormone secreted in what endocrine tissue?
    A. Pars distalis
    B. Ovarian follicles
    C. Pars nervosa
    D. Placenta
A

C. Pars nervosa

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6
Q
  1. Pregnant women who have begun labor but in whom this process is no longer progressing are often given an IV injection of X drug to stimulate uterine contractions and facilitate parturition. X drug consists of an hormone secreted in what endocrine tissue?
    A. Pars distalis
    B. Ovarian follicles
    C. Pars nervosa
    D. Placenta
A

C. Pars nervosa

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7
Q
  1. Addison disease (or adrenal cortex insufficiency) is a disorder, usually autoimmune in origin, which can cause degeneration and cell loss in the adrenal glands. Fludrocortisone is a mineralocorticoid used to treat Addison patients. Response to this drug indicates that which region of the adrenal glands was involved in the disease?
    A. Medulla
    B. Zona glomerulosa
    C. Zona reticularis
    D. Macula densa
    E. Zona fasciculate
A

B. Zona glomerulosa

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8
Q
  1. A 40-year-old woman complains of recent changes in her bodily appearance, including upper truncal weight gain and moon facies. Endocrine studies reveal elevated serum levels of cortisol and corticotropin (ACTH). The patient is subsequently diagnosed with Cushing disease. ACTH is synthesized primarily by endocrine cells in which of the following anatomic locations?
    A. Adrenal cortex, zona fasciculata
    B. Adrenal cortex, zona glomerulosa
    C. Adrenal cortex, zona reticularis
    D. Anterior pituitary
    E. Neurohypophysis
A

D. Anterior pituitary

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9
Q
  1. Secretion, chemical modification and storage, reuptake, and digestion of a protein occur in epithelial cells of what endocrine tissue?
    A. Neurohypophysis
    B. Adrenal medulla
    C. Adenohypophysis
    D. Thyroid gland
    E. Neuroendocrine cells in the duodenum
A

D. Thyroid gland

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10
Q
  1. What is the name of the organ and the structure’s name that is showed by star?
    A. Pineal gland- Corpora arenacea
    B. Adrenal gland- zona fasciculata
    C. Thyroid gland- Colloid
    D. Parathyroid gland- Adipocyte
    E. Pituitary gland- Acidophilic cell
A

C. Thyroid gland- Colloid

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11
Q
  1. Which one of the following effects is wrong for the mode of action of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in carbohydrate and fat metabolism?
    A. Activated by elevated [AMPI
    B. Activated by decreased [ATP]
    C. Activates the fatty acid synthesis and lipolysis in adipose tissue
    D. Activated by peptide hormones (leptin, adiponectin) produced in adipose tissue
    E. Activates fatty acid and glucose uptake and oxidation in heart and
A

C. Activates the fatty acid synthesis and lipolysis in adipose tissue

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12
Q
  1. Which one of the following steroids is made both by the adrenal glands and the gonads?
    A. Cortisol
    B. 11-deoxycortisol
    C. Aldosterone
    D. Estrogens
    E. Corticosterone
A

D. Estrogens

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13
Q
  1. Under starvation conditions which of the following substances is the preferred source of fuel for brain tissue?
    A. Glucose
    B. Fatty acids
    C. Liver glycogen
    D. Acetone
    E. Acetoacetate (2 Acetyl-CoA)
A

E. Acetoacetate (2 Acetyl-CoA)

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14
Q
  1. Which one of the following mineralocorticoids is the most potent one among all the others?
    A. 11-deoxycorticosterone
    B. 18-oxycortisol
    C. Aldosterone
    D. Corticosterone
    E. Cortisol
A

C. Aldosterone

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15
Q
  1. Which organ is the site of synthesis of leptin?
    A. Heart
    B. Kidneys
    C. Pancreas
    D. Adipose tissue
    E. Gastrointestinal tract
A

D. Adipose tissue

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16
Q
  1. Which one of the following substances is the precursor of most steroid hormones?
    A. Amino acids
    B. Cholesterol
    C. Glycoproteins
    D. Bile acids E. Cortisol
A

B. Cholesterol

17
Q
  1. Which statement is wrong for the function of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?
    A. Production is regulated by the stimulator action of TRH
    B. Production is regulated by the inhibition of free T4
    C. Production is regulated by the inhibition of free T3
    D. Uptake of iodide into thyroid follicular epithelium is stimulated
    E. Thyroglobulin (Tg) synthesis and secretion are inhibited
A

E. Thyroglobulin (Tg) synthesis and secretion are inhibited

18
Q
  1. Which one of the followings is one of the first target tissues of hypothalamic hormones?
    A. Adrenal cortex
    B. Testes
    C. Thyroid
    D. Anterior pituitary
    E. Ovary
A

D. Anterior pituitary

19
Q
  1. In untreated diabetes, when the insulin level is insufficient, which of the following events does not take place in extrahepatic tissues?
    A. Glucose cannot be taken up efficiently from the blood
    B. Levels of malonyl-CoA (the starting material for fatty acid synthesis in the liver) fall
    C. Inhibition of carnitine acyltransferase-1 occurs
    D. Fatty acids enter mitochondria to be degraded to acetyl-CoA
    E. Citric acid cycle intermediates have been drawn off for use as substrates in
    Gluconeogenesis
A

C. Inhibition of carnitine acyltransferase-1 occurs

20
Q
  1. Which of the following matchings is correct regarding the characteristics of Type I and
    Type II diabetes?
    A. Type I diabetes- Inflammation activation by IL-1 beta stimulation
    B. Type II diabetes- Development of antibodies against the beta cell enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase
    C. Type Il diabetes- HLA DR3 or HLA DR4 association
    D. Type I diabetes- Decrease in the number and size of pancreatic islet cell from the first stages
    E. Type I diabetes- controllable with diet and/or hypoglycemic agents
A

D. Type I diabetes- Decrease in the number and size of pancreatic islet cell from the first stages

21
Q
  1. Which of the following describes the mechanism of polyphagia in diabetic patients?
    A. The loss of water and electrolytes stimulates osmoreceptors in the brain, thus polyphagia
    OCCurS,
    B. It causes an increase in oxidative stress in the cells with the decrease of glutathione in the cells. Polyphagia occurs for cellular damage repair.
    C. Gluconeogenesis increases with the depletion of glycogen stores. Polyphagia occurs due to negative energy balance.
    D. Polyphagia occurs when the renal threshold for blood sugar absorption increases.
    E. The increase in plasma LDL level stimulates the hunger center in the brain, short-term
A

C. Gluconeogenesis increases with the depletion of glycogen stores. Polyphagia occurs due to negative energy balance.

22
Q
  1. Which of the following is not a change in the kidneys caused by diabetes?
    A. Thickening of the capillary basement membrane
    B. Deposition of hyaline material in the arteriolar intima
    C. Diffuse mesangial sclerosis
    D. Ball-like deposits of a laminated matrix in the periphery of the glomerulus
    E. Deposition of immune complexes in the glomerular basement membrane
A

E. Deposition of immune complexes in the glomerular basement membrane

23
Q
  1. From the history of a 36-year-old female patient, it was determined that she had stomach pain that did not respond to antacid drugs, and severe diarrhea two weeks before the onset of pain. In the upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination, multiple superficial ulcers in the stomach and duodenum are detected, and in the abdominal tomography, a well-circumscribed solid mass of 1,5 cm in diameter is detected in the body of the pancreas. With these findings, what is your most likely diagnosis for a mass in the pancreas?
    A. Neuroblastoma
    B. Gastrinoma
    C. Insulinoma
    D. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
    E. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
A

B. Gastrinoma

24
Q
  1. Which of the following changes is likely to be seen in the adrenal gland cortex of a patient with Crooke’s hyaline change in the pituitary gland examination?
    A. Lipid-rich cells
    B. Spironolactone bodies
    C. Leydig cell hyperplasia
    D. Coagulative necrosis
    E. Chromaffin cell hyperplasia
A

A. Lipid-rich cells

25
Q
  1. A 64-year-old man with hypertension presented with a clinical history of intermittent abdominal pain for one year. It was determined in the clinical history that the patient had occasional complaints of palpitation, headache and sweating. He was found to have an elevated blood pressure of 170/90 and no palpable abdominal mass. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging of the abdomen and pelvis were performed that showed mass measuring 5,5 cm in diameter arising from the left adrenal gland. Laboratory analysis showed an elevated plasma normetanephrine (NM) and metanephrine (MN). 24-hour urine showed elevated levels of NMN and MN. Which of the following is the expected change in the clinical finding of this patient after the surgical removal of the mass?
    A. Lengthening
    B. Decrease in body mass index
    C. Increase in sweating complaint
    D. Become normotensive
    E. Increased metanephrine in 24-hour urine
A

D. Become normotensive

26
Q
  1. A 32-year-old female patient has mild fatigue and fever, neck pain, unilateral enlargement of the thyroid gland after an upper respiratory tract infection 15 days ago, independent of this infection. Laboratory examination reveals an increase in the amount of leukocytes and an increase in free T3 and free T4 levels, and no organ-specific antibodies are detected. If thyroid biopsy is taken at this stage in this case, which of the following is unlikely to be followed histomorphologically?
    A. Free colloid
    B. Deformed thyroid follicles
    C. Hurthle cells
    D. Neutrophil infiltration
    E. Foreign body type giant cells
A

C. Hurthle cells

Finak Year 3 (11 decks)

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