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HORT 1001 > Lecture 21: Alternation of generation > Flashcards

Lecture 21: Alternation of generation Flashcards

1
Q

Sporophyte

A

plant that produces spores

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2
Q

What is the ploidy of the sporophyte phaseof the plants life cycle?

A

Diploid (2n)

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3
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Cell division where 1 diploid cell (2n) divides to form 4 haploid cells (n)

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4
Q

What is a spore?

A

The product of meiosis…. haploid cells resulting from meiotic cell division

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5
Q

What does the spore mark?

A

The initiation of the gametophyte generation

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6
Q

What is a gametophyte?

A

A plant that produces gametes (like egg and sperm)

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7
Q

What is the ploidy of the gametophyte phase of a plant’s life cycle??

A

haploid (n)

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8
Q

What is a gamete?

A

Egg and sperm….produced from the mitotic cell divisions of the gametophyte

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9
Q

What happen to the 2 gametes at fertilization?

A

egg and sperm fuse to produce a zygote

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10
Q

What is a zygote?

A

The product of egg and sperm fusion

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11
Q

What ploidy is a zygote?

A

A diploid because it results from the fusion of 2 haploid gametes

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12
Q

What marks the initiation of the sporophyte generation?

A

the zygote

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13
Q

Alternation of generations (between sporophyte and gametophyte stages) can vary among plants for (3 things)

A
  • physical appearance of each stage (size, form, vigor)
  • time spent in each stage (is it persistent? emphemeral ?)
  • mechanics of gamete production and fusion (are there many or few cell divisions? How do the gametes find each other?)
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14
Q

What ploidy is moss in the gameteophyte stage?

A

haploid (n)

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15
Q

What is a bryophyte? Give an example.

A

A non-flowering plant (moss and fern)

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16
Q

What is the haploid gametophyte in moss?

A

The green bit!

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17
Q

What does the sporophyte form on moss?

A

a sporangium (capsule) in which cell divide meiotically and form spores

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18
Q

What is the relationship between the sporophyte and the gametophyte in moss?

A

Sporophyte grows on, is supported by and gain nutrition from gametophyte

19
Q

What does the sporophyte generation look like in a fern?

A

What we regularly think of as a fern

20
Q

What are sori?

A

Sporangia in fern (formed on the underside of fronds)

21
Q

Characteristics of sori

A

conspicuous, hardy, long-lived

22
Q

What is a prothallus?

A

heart-shaped structure where antheridia and archegonia form on surface

23
Q

What do gametes form inside through mitotic divisions?

A

Antheridia

24
Q

Characteristics of prothallus

A

inconspicuous, fragile, short lived

25
Q

What happens during pollen formation in flowering plants?

A

Haploid spore divides by mitosis so within each pollen grain there are 2 cells

26
Q

What are the 2 cells in a pollen grain?

A

1 tube cell and 1 generative cell

27
Q

What does pollen consist of?

A

4 haploid cells formed with a spore with a protective coat (exine coat)

28
Q

Why do flowering plants need 2 sperm cells?

A

So 1 can fertilize the egg to form a zygote while 1 gets with 2 female nuclei to produce endosperm

29
Q

What happens to a male gametophyte in angiosperms? (flowering plants)

A

It is reduced to just 3 cells held within a pollen grain (1 tube cell and 2 sperm) are dispersed via wind and pollinators

30
Q

What happens to the microspore mother cells in an anter?

A

They divide by meiosis to form 4 haploid cells

31
Q

What happens to the megaspore mother cell?

A

Divides by meiosis in megasporangium (located in ovule)

32
Q

How many of the cells survive after the megaspore mother cell divides by meiosis?

A

1/4

33
Q

How many mitotic divisions does the megaspore mother cell undergo? How many cells does it yield?

A

3…..8 cells arrange in an embryo sac to prepare for fertilization (**female gameteophyte is reduced to 8 cells at this point)

34
Q

What forms the embryo of the seed?

A

A fusion of the egg and sperm makes the zygote

35
Q

Dispersal agent of moss

A

water

36
Q

dispersal agent of fern

A

water

37
Q

Dispersal agent of angiosperm

A

wind and pollinators

38
Q

What is the male gameteophyte type in moss?

A

Flagellated

39
Q

What is the male gameteophyte type in ferns?

A

flagellated

40
Q

What is the male gameteophyte type in angiosperm

A

non-flagella

41
Q

Dominant generation in moss

A

gameteophyte

42
Q

Dominant generation in ferns

A

sporophyte

43
Q

Dominant generation in angiosperms

A

sporophyte

HORT 1001 (12 decks)

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