Skin

Question 1

somewhat bluish color

Answer 1

Cyanosis

Question 2

Silvery scaly lesions, mainly on the extensor surfaces

Answer 2

psoriasis

plaques

coalescence of papules

3 p’s!

Question 3

scaly, itchy rashes

normally on flexor surfaces

Answer 3

atopic eczema

Question 4

Answer 4

linear

Question 5

Answer 5

geographic

Question 6

Answer 6

clustered

(herpes simplex)

Question 7

Answer 7

serpiginous

Question 8

Answer 8

annular

(ringworm)

Question 9

up to 1 cm

solid, raised spot(s)

Answer 9

papule

Question 10

marble-like lesion LARGER than 0.5 cm, deeper & firmer than papule

Answer 10

nodule

Question 11

Nodule filled w/ expressible material, either liquid or semi-solid

Answer 11

cyst

Question 12

somewhat irregular, relatively transient, superficial area of localized skin edema

Think: mosquito bite

Answer 12

wheal

Question 13

up to 1 cm, filled w/ serous fluid

think: herpes simplex, herpes zoster

Answer 13

vesicle

Question 14

1 cm or larger, filled w/ serous fluid

teacher says 1.5 but whatever

Answer 14

bulla

Question 15

filled w/ PUS

think: acne

Answer 15

pustule

Question 16

thin flake of dead exfoliated epidermis

Answer 16

scale

Question 17

Dried residue of skin exudate (serum, pus, blood)

Answer 17

crust

Question 18

visible & palpable thickening of epidermis & roughening of skin w/ increased visibility of normal skinn furrows

Answer 18

lichenification

Question 19

Hypertrophic scarring that extends beyond borders of initial injury

Answer 19

keloids

Question 20

linear or punctate erosions caused by SCRATCHING

Answer 20

excoriation

Question 21

Linear crack in skin, resulting from excess dryness

Answer 21

fissure

Question 22

Deep loss of epidermis and dermis, may bleed and scar

Answer 22

ulcer

Question 23

What are the 3 layers of skin?

Which layer has NO blood vessels? Which layer has PLENTY of blood vessels?

Answer 23

Epidermis - devoid of blood vessels, gets nutrients from dermis

Dermis - well supplied w/ blood vessels

SubQ

Question 24

What is the difference between central & peripheral cyanosis?

Answer 24

Central –> oxygen level in the arterial blood is low –> decreased oxygenation in patient

Peripheral –> cutaneous blood flow decreases and slows –> anxiety or cold environment

Question 25

What is the difference between ECCRINE and APOCRINE sweat glands?

Answer 25

Eccrine - major sweat glands of the body, widely distributed and open directly onto skin surface - **helps control body temperature** Apocrine - axillary and genital region - open onto hair follicles and stimulated by emotional stress. **Responsible for adult body odor**

Question 26

What does edema indicate? Where is the fluid?

Answer 26

Indicates the presence of excess fluid in interstitial spaces. May be localized due to injury or systemic

Question 27

Braden Score - What is considered NOT at risk?

Answer 27

19-23

Question 28

Braden Score What is considered MILD risk?

Answer 28

15-18

Question 29

Braden Score - What is considered MODERATE risk?

Answer 29

13-14

Question 30

Braden Score - What is considered HIGH risk?

Answer 30

10-12

Question 31

Braden Score - What is VERY HIGH RISK?

Answer 31

9 or below

Question 32

What are the scoring factors for braden?

Answer 32

* Sensory perception * Moisture * Activity * Mobility * Nutrition * And friction and shear

Question 33

At what DEGREE is [nail] clubbing? What is clubbing an indication of?

Answer 33

Clubbing: the angle increases to 180 degrees or more, and the nail bed feels spongy or floating. Seen in congenital heart disease, interstitial lung diseases, lung cancer, inflammatory bowel disease and malignancies

Question 34

Which kind of skin cancer does this describe? ## Footnote - lowest level of epidermis - 80% of skin cancers - generally sunexposed areas (head/neck) - generally benign, but if left untreated, can be life-threatening. - grows SLOWLY & rarely metastasizes.

Answer 34

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 35

Which kind of skin cancer does this describe? ## Footnote - upper layer of epidermis - 16% of skin cancer - crusty & scaly w/ red inflamed or ulcerate appearance - on face & back of hands - can metastasize - even more ew than the last one

Answer 35

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 36

Which kind of skin cancer does this describe? ## Footnote - arises from pigmented producing \_\_\_\_\_cytes in the epidermis - accounts for 4% of skin cancers. - MOST LETHAL TYPE

Answer 36

Melanoma

Question 37

ABCDE's of Skin Cancer

Answer 37

asymmetry [irregular] border (notches) color (weird colors) diameter (\>6mm) elevation/evolution

Question 38

small, flat, spot up to 1 cm ex: small vitiligo, hemangioma

Answer 38

Macule

Question 39

Flat spot, 1.0 cm or larger Café-au-lait

Answer 39

Patch

Question 40

Elevated superficial lesion 1.0 cm or larger, often formed by **coalescence of papules** Ex: Psoriasis

Answer 40

plaque

Question 41

Deep red or reddish purple --\> fading away over Do not blanch 1-3mm

Answer 41

petechia / purpura

Question 42

* Purple or purplish blue, **fading to green, yellow and brown with time** * Larger than petechiae \>3mm * Does not blanch

Answer 42

Ecchymosis

Question 43

Ulcer Stages Pressure related alteration of the intact skin with changes related to temp, consistency, sensations, or color.

Answer 43

Stage I

Question 44

**Ulcer Stages** **Partial thickness** of skin loss or ulceration involving the **epidermis, dermis, or both**

Answer 44

Stage II

Question 45

**Ulcer Stages** **Full thickness of skin loss**, with damage or necrosis of **subcutaneous tissue** that may extend to but **not through the underlying muscle**

Answer 45

Stage III

Question 46

**Ulcer Stages** **Full thickness** skin loss, with destruction, tissue necrosis, or **damage to underlying muscle, bone, or supporting structures** You'll never forget it!

Answer 46

Stage IV

Question 47

Ulcer Stages base is covered with eschar or sloughing tissue

Answer 47

Unstageable

Question 48

Fevers, chills and pain indicate... Hint: Bone

Answer 48

osteomyelitis