MSK Flashcards
(39 cards)
The following are examples of what? Joint capsules, articular cartilage, the synovium and synovial fluid, intra-articular ligaments, and juxta-articular bone
Articular structures
The following are examples of what? periarticular ligaments, tendons, bursa, muscle, fascia, bone, nerve, and underlying skin
Extra-articular structures
What are rope-like bundles of collagen fibrils that connect BONE TO BONE?
ligaments
What are collagen fibers connecting MUSCLE TO BONE?
tendons
What are the pouches of synovial fluid that cushion the movement of the tendons and muscle over bone or other joint structures. They lie between the skin and the convex surface of the bone or joint?
bursae
What is a synovial joint? Explain movement and examples
a. Do not touch each other
b. Freely moveable
c. Knee (largest joint in the body), shoulder, hip
3 types of synovial joints
- Spheroidal (Ball and socket)
- Convex surface in concave cavity
- Wide-range flexion and extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction
- Shoulder, hip
- Hinge
- Flat, planar
- Motion on one plane→flexion and extension only
- Interphalangeal joints of hand and foot, elbow
- Condylar
- Convex or concave→knee
- Movement of two articulating surface - Articulating→ temporomandibular joint
What is a cartilaginous joint? Movement & examples
a. Slightly moveable b. Between the vertebrae and symphysis pubis c. Pivot-neck d. Gliding-wrist
What are fibrous joints? Movement and examples
a. No movement-Immobile
b. Sutures of the skull
c. Almost in direct contact
aches and pains that occur in the *muscles*
myalgia
pain in the *joints* but no evidence of arthritis
Arthralgias
What are some of the red flags for a serious underlying systemic disease?
o Age older than 50
o History of cancer
o Unexplained weight loss
o Pain lasting more than 1 month or not responding to treatment
o Pain at night or increased by rest
o History of intravenous drug use
o Presence of infection
o Swan neck deformities
What are these S/S?
o Degeneration and progressive loss of cartilage within the joints
o Only *one joint* may be involved
o Swelling, warmth, tenderness, redness
o Heberden nodes at the DIP
o Bouchard nodes at the PIP
o No fever
Osteoarthritis
What are these S/S?
o Inflammation of the synovial membranes
o Several joints, *symmetrically distributed*, muscle atrophy or weakness
o Symmetric deformity in the PIP, MCP and wrist joints with ulnar deviation
o Weakness, fatigue, weight loss, and low fever may be present
Rheumatoid arthritis
What are these S/S?
o Inflammatory reaction to microcrystals of the sodium urate
o Base of the big toe
Gouty arthritis
What are these S/S?
o Widespread MSK pain and tender points
o “All over”
o Usually associate with morning fatigue
Fibromyalgia syndrome
Audible or palpable cronching during movement of tendons or ligaments over bone
Crepitus
What is the difference between passive and active ROM?
o Passive→ by the examiner
o Active→by the patient
What is Isometric ROM? What does it help with?
by the patient by contracting and relaxing muscles while keeping the part in a fixed position. Done to maintain muscle strength when patient is immobile, full ptn cooperation
How would you grade someone who has active movement against gravity?
3/5
0 No muscular contraction detected
1 A barely detectable flicker or trace of contraction
2 Active movement of the body part with gravity eliminated
3 Active movement against gravity
4 Active movement against gravity with some resistance
5 Active movement against full resistance without evident fatigue. This is NORMAL muscle strength
How would you grade someone who has barely a detectable flicker or trace of contraction?
1/5
0 No muscular contraction detected
1 A barely detectable flicker or trace of contraction
2 Active movement of the body part with gravity eliminated
3 Active movement against gravity
4 Active movement against gravity with some resistance
5 Active movement against full resistance without evidence of fatigue. This is NORMAL muscle strength
How would you grade someone w/ active movement against full resistance w/o evidence of fatigue? (Normal)
5/5
0 No muscular contraction detected
1 A barely detectable flicker or trace of contraction
2 Active movement of the body part with gravity eliminated
3 Active movement against gravity
4 Active movement against gravity with some resistance
5 Active movement against full resistance without evidence of fatigue. This is NORMAL muscle strength
How would you grade someone with active movement against gravity AND some resistance?
4/5
0 No muscular contraction detected
1 A barely detectable flicker or trace of contraction
2 Active movement of the body part with gravity eliminated
3 Active movement against gravity
4 Active movement against gravity with some resistance
5 Active movement against full resistance without evidence of fatigue. This is NORMAL muscle strength
How would you grade someone w/ active movement of the body part with gravity eliminated?
2/5
0 No muscular contraction detected
1 A barely detectable flicker or trace of contraction
2 Active movement of the body part with gravity eliminated
3 Active movement against gravity
4 Active movement against gravity with some resistance
5 Active movement against full resistance without evidence of fatigue. This is NORMAL muscle strength
