Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

intro to MLT > final lecture > Flashcards

final lecture Flashcards

1
Q

serum

A

the liquid portion of blood after clotting has occured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

plasma

A

the liquid portion of blood without the cells when blood is spun down in a tube with anticoagulant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the primary function of the anticoagulant sodium fluoride?

A

antiglycolytic agent

inhibits glycolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

choice of anticoagulant for hematology

A

EDTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

choice of anticoagulant for coagulation

A

sodium citrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

choice of anticoagulant for chemistry

A

heparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why is freezing whole blood not normally recommended to preserve a specimen

A

the red cells will lyse causing hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the two primary reasons patients are placed in isolation rooms?

A

to protect healthcare staff and visitors from infections

to protect an immunocompromised patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how does EDTA prevent clotting?

A

by binding/chelating calcium in the form of potassium or sodium salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how does heparin prevent clotting?

A

inhibits conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the capillary puncture sites on an adult?

A

the index, middle, or ring finger.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where would you not want to perform capillary puncture on adult?

A

the middle of the finger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the preferred area on a finger for puncture?

A

perpendicular to the fingerprints on the outside of the finger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a hematoma and what causes it?

A
  • collection of blood under the skin - indicative of poor technique
  • going through a vein
  • partially inserting needle into vein
  • grazing side of the vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

state the consequences of pushing a tube onto the needle before entering the patient’s vein.

A

loss of vaccum = no suction in tube

could contaminate tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

explain the purpose of removing the tube from the needle prior to withdrawing from the patient’s vein.

A

to release the vaccum in the tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are clot activators and some examples

A

substance that inhibits or enhances coagulation

ex. glass/silica/siliceous earth/ thrombin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

explain the order of draw

A

the order of draw is the list of when to draw specific tubes in a specific order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

why does the order of draw exist?

A

this exists to prevent the cross contamination of additives between tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does a sclerosed vein feel like when palpated?

A

hard/cord like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

should a sclerosed vein ever be used for veinipuncture?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is edema?

A

swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is fistula?

A

abnormal connection between artery and vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

why are fistulas important to consider when deciding on site selection for venipuncture?

A

they are used for dialysis patients, so cannot be used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

explain what a bevel is & what abnormalities to look for

A

bevel is the slanted tip on hollow venipuncture needle

ex. bent/curved/shaved/burns/spurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

why are therapeutic drug monitoring tests often timed collection tests?

A

to measure the peak and trough levels because people metabolize drugs at different rates and to monitor the amount of drugs at certain times to maximize effectiveness and prevent toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the name of the heel bone?

A

calcaneus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what does skin puncture blood most closely resemble?

A

arterial blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

explain why routine or strict isolation is used.

A

patient is isolated to prevent the spread of a communicable disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is the PPE used in routine and strict isolation?

A

gown, masks, gloves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

explain protective or reverse isolation.

A

patient is isolated to protect from infection (severely immunocompromised patients)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what PPE is used in protective or reverse isolation?

A

gown, masks, gloves, hair net, booties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what does an abnormal retraction of a blood vessel wall during venipuncture cause?

A

vein collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is the most important thing you should do before performing any type of specimen collection on a patient

A

wash hands and ID patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what should you do if a patient refuses to let you collect a specimen on them?

A

let the doctor know

36
Q

why should you allow the alcohol on the skin to dry properly before inserting the needle?

A

painful to patients and will lyse red cells

37
Q

specimens should always be labeled where and when?

A

immediately after draw while still with patient

38
Q

in regards to placement of the needle’s bevel in the vein, where would it fall that it would NOT allow collection of a blood specimen?

A

anywhere except facing up
needle penetrates through entire vein
went alongside vein

39
Q

what are some possible techniques for transferring blood from a syringe into the proper collection tubes?

A

transfer device

40
Q

describe the proper puncture site on an infants’ heel for skin puncture

A

medial or lateral on plantar surface

41
Q

once a red stopper tube is spun down, what type of specimen does it yield

A

serum and clotted red cells

42
Q

how much a collection site be prepared for collecting blood cultures?

A

cleaned with beta-dyne in non-overlapping circular motion

43
Q

why is it important to take the extra steps for blood cultures?

A

to ensure sterility

44
Q

in regards to therapeutic drug monitoring, the highest concentration of the drug during a dosing interval is called the ____

A

peak

45
Q

explain the procedure for collecting specimens for a glucose tolerance test

A
  • specimen drawn after pt. has fasted overnight
  • pt. drinks glucose solution - mark time
  • specimens drawn at 1 hr. intervals until complete (up to 5 hours)
46
Q

does the order of draw change depending on the collection equipment you use ?

A

no

47
Q

why should the site be warmed before performing skin puncture?

A

increases blood flow

48
Q

why is controlling the depth of your lancet important during skin puncture?

A

if depth is not controlled could puncture bone or cause excessive bleeding

49
Q

what step must you take, when doing a skin puncture, to eliminate tissue fluid contamination?

A

wipe away first drop of blood

50
Q

what is a possible consequence of mixing a tube to vigorously?

A

hemolysis

51
Q

when drawing a blood on a child, what are some extra steps you should take prior to venipuncture because of the age of your patient?

A
  • gain child’s confidence
  • -acknowledge child and parent
  • ask for help to restrain child
52
Q

what should you not do when performing specimen collection on a child?

A
  • rush in
  • do not ignore the child
  • do not try to draw without a restrain on hand
53
Q

why should a patient not pump their fist prior to venipuncture?

A

hemoconcentration

54
Q

what is the most critical error a phlebotomist can make?

A

ID error

55
Q

what indicator lets you know you are in the vein when performing a syringe draw?

A

flash of blood

56
Q

what is the longest amount of time a tourniquet should be tied on a patient’s arm prior to venipuncture?

A

less then one minute

57
Q

the alcohol prep pad used for cleaning a puncture site is what concentration?

A

70% isopropyl alcohol

58
Q

give a couple examples of coagulation test

A

PT
PTT
fibrinogen
D-Dimer

59
Q

what color tube is coagulation tests collected in?

A

blue

60
Q

what is the anticoagulant used in the blue tubes?

A

sodium citrate

61
Q

what should you do if your patient does not have an ID band on but is not conscious or able to ID themselves?

A

have a nurse put an ID band on

62
Q

how should you handle questions from a patient about what tests you’re drawing and what they mean?

A

be as brief as possible and refer them to their doctor

63
Q

do you ever draw a specimen from above an IV? why?

A

no because of the dilution that will occur in the sample

64
Q

what should you do if you cannot draw on a patient’s arms because of multiple IV’s?

A

ask nurse to stop the IV wait 10 minutes then draw

65
Q

why is it so important to mix anticoagulant tubes thoroughly after filling them?

A

mix equally with additives because micro-clots may occur

66
Q

what is the smallest bore on a needle?

A

25

67
Q

what is the largest bore on a needle?

A

18

68
Q

small veins on a patient may collapse when what occurs?

A

blood drawn to quickly

69
Q

what indication might alert you to the possibility that you have entered an artery during venipuncture?

A

bright red blood pulsing into the tube

70
Q

what is the number one cause of hemoconcentration during venipuncture/

A

long tourniquet application

71
Q

is water considered an acceptable thing to drink before a fasting sample is drawn?

A

yes

72
Q

is coffee acceptable to drink before drawing of fasting sample?

A

no

73
Q

is smoking acceptable before fasting sample?

A

no

74
Q

normal serum appearance

A

clear straw color

75
Q

normal plasma appearance

A

slightly opaque straw color

76
Q

hemolyzed serum appearance

A

clear red

77
Q

icteric serum appearance

A

brownish-yellow

78
Q

lipemic serum appearance

A

milky-white

79
Q

color tube of heparin

A

green

80
Q

color tube of no additive

A

red

81
Q

color tube of EDTA

A

lavender

82
Q

color tube of sodium citrate

A

blue

83
Q

color of tube of silicon serum separation material

A

red/gray/gold

84
Q

color of tube sodium fluoride

A

gray

85
Q

color of tube SPS

A

yellow

intro to MLT (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions