309 Unit 5

Question 1

Anti infective drugs divided in four,

Answer 1

Antibacterials
Antivirals
Antifungal
Antiparasitic

Question 2

Antibacterial terminology

Answer 2

Bactericidal
Bacteriostatic
Broad spectrum antibiotic
Narrow spectrum antibiotic

Question 3

Mechanism action of antibacterial

Answer 3

Inhibit folic acid synthesis
Inhibit DNA synthesis
Inhibit protein synthesis
Inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 4

Mechanism of action of sulphonamides

Answer 4

Inhibit folic acid synthesis
Broad spectrum
Bacteriostatic
Ophthalmic use
Bacterial conjunctivitis

Question 5

Example drug of sulphonamides,

Answer 5

Blenheim-10

Question 6

Adverse reaction of Bleph-10

Answer 6

Allergic reaction
Steven-Johnson syndrome

Question 7

Mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones,

Answer 7

Inhibit DNA synthesis
Broad spectrum
Bactericidal

Question 8

Drug examples for fluoroquinolones,

Answer 8

Ciloxan (Ciprofloxacin)
Vigamox (Moxifloxacin)
Moxeza (Besifloxacin)
Zymaxid ( Gaifloxacin)

Question 9

Adverse effects of fluoroquinolones,

Answer 9

Foreign body sensation
Itching and burning
Conjunctival hyperaemia

Question 10

Mechanizing of action of fusidic acid

Answer 10

Inhibit protein synthesis
Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic

Question 11

Drug examples of fusidic acid,

Answer 11

Fusithalmic ( Fusidic acid)

Question 12

Adverse effects of fusithalmic ,

Answer 12

Stinging and irritation
Localized allergic reactions

Question 13

Mechanism of action of Aminoglycosides

Answer 13

Inhibit protein synthesis
Bactericidal

Question 14

Drug examples of Aminoglycosides,

Answer 14

Tobrex ( Tobramycin)
Garamycin ( Gentamicin)
Neomycin ( Neomycin sulphate)

Question 15

Adverse effects of Aminoglycoside,

Answer 15

Type IV delayed hypersensitivity
Itching, redness, swelling

Question 16

Mechanism of action of Macrolides,

Answer 16

Inhibit protein synthesis
Bactericidal or bacteriostatic

Question 17

Drug examples of Macrolides,

Answer 17

Odan-Erythromycin( Erythromycin)
AzaSite ( Azithromycin)

Question 18

Adverse affects of Macrolides,

Answer 18

Blurred vision
Allergic reactions

Question 19

Polypeptide antibiotic mechanism of action,

Answer 19

Interferes with cell wall synthesis
Bactericidal for gram positive bacteria
Infective against gram negative bacteria
Blepharitis

Question 20

Drug examples of polypeptide,

Answer 20

Ak-Tracin ( bacitracin)

Question 21

Adverse effects of Ak-Tracin

Answer 21

Allergic reactions

Question 22

Drug examples of combination antibacterials,

Answer 22

Polytrim ( trimethoprim and polymyxin B)
Polysporin ( bacitracin and polymyxin B)

Question 23

Adverse reactions of combination antibacterials

Answer 23

Allergic reactions

Question 24

Combination antibacterials mechanism of action,

Answer 24

Polymyxin B: breaks down cell membranes
Trimethoprim: prevents DNA synthesis
Bacitracin
Interferes with cell wall synthesis
Side note: though polymyxins are many applied to kill gram-negative pathogens, there are increasing reports showing their anti-gram- positive bacteria activity.

Question 25

Examples for antiviral drugs,

Answer 25

Herpes simplex virus(HSV) keratitis Varicella zoster virus (VZV) keratitis Used with oral antivirals

Question 26

Mechanism of action for topical antivirals

Answer 26

Inhibits synthesis of viral DNA

Question 27

Drug examples for antivirals

Answer 27

Viroptic ( trifluridine) 9x/day dosing Zirgan ( Ganciclover) 5x/ day dosing

Question 28

Adverse effects of antivirals

Answer 28

Eye irritation Conjunctival redness Blurred vision Punctuate keratitis

Question 29

Categories of Anti-fungal

Answer 29

Polyenes Azoles Anti metabolites

Question 30

Polyenes

Answer 30

Amphotericin B Compounded product Effective against yeasts and filamentary organisms

Question 31

Mechanism of action of Polyenes

Answer 31

Forms pores in cell wall membrane

Question 32

Example of Polyenes

Answer 32

Natacyn ( Natamycin) Commercially Available Poor ocular penetration Effective against Aspergillus and fusarium

Question 33

Azoles

Answer 33

Oral antifungals with good ocular penetration Inhibit cell wall synthesis

Question 34

Oral antifungal drug examples,

Answer 34

Ketoconazole Fluconazole Voriconazole

Question 35

Antimetabolites drug

Answer 35

Flucytosine

Question 36

Mechanism of action of flucytosine,

Answer 36

Inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis Use in combination with Polyenes and Azoles

Question 37

Types of anti-parasitic treatment,

Answer 37

Treatment is lengthy Treatment is difficult

Question 38

Anterior segment

Answer 38

Acanthamoeba Protozoan Swimming, pool, hot tub or contact lenses Ring like corneal infiltrate

Question 39

Treatment options

Answer 39

Topical Neomycin Polyhexamethylene biguanide ( PHMB) Chlorhexidine

Question 40

Posterior segment

Answer 40

Toxoplasma Gondi Protozoan Chorioretinitis