Personality Disorders Flashcards
General Criteria for Personality D/o
A. An enduring pattern of inner experience behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture.
- cognition
- affectivity (ie. range, intensity, lability, and appropriateness of emotional response)
- Interpersonal functioning
- impulse control
B. enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situations
C. enduring pattern leads to clinically significant distress
D. Pattern is stable and of long duration and its onset can be traced back at least to adolescence or early adulthood
E. Enduring Pattern not better explained as a manifestation or consequence of another mental disorder
F. Enduring pattern is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition
What’s in Cluster A?
(odd)
Schizoid, Schizotypal, Paranoid
What’s in Cluster B?
(emotional labile)
Antisocial, Narcisstic, Borderline, Histronic
What’s in Cluster C?
(Anxiety-related)
Dependent, Avoidant, Obsessive Compulsive
Antisocial PD
A. pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights others occurring since age 15 years indicated by 3 or more of the following:
- failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors
- deceitfulness
- impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
- irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults
- reckless disregard for safety of self or others
- consistent irresponsibility
- lack of remorse
B. individual is at least 18 years old
C. Evidence of Conduct Disorder with onset age 15 years
D. Occurrence of antisocial behavior is not exclusively during Schizophrenia or Bipolar
Borderline PD
A. A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self image, and affects, and marked impulsively beginning by early adulthood and presents in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five or more:
- frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
- a pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation
- identify disturbance
- impulsively in at least two areas that are potentially self image or sense of self as indicated by 5 of the following:
- recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutliating behavior
- affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood
- chronic feelings of emptiness
- inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger
- transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative sympoms
Narcisstic PD
A pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five
- has a grandiose sense of self importance
- preoccupied with fantasies of love, power, brilliance, beauty
- believes he or she is special and unique and can only be understood b special or high status people
- requires excessive admiration
- has a sense of entitlement has seen by 5 or more.
- interpersonally exploitative
- lacks empathy
- is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of him or her
- shows arrogant, haughty behaviors
Histrionic PD
A. A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking beginning by early adulthood and present in a verity of contexts as indicated by five of following:
- is uncomfortable in situations in which he or she is not the center of attention
- interaction with others is often characterized by inapporipate sexually seductive or proactive behavior
- displays rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions
- consistently uses physical appearance to draw attention to self
- has a style of speech that is excessive impressionstic and lacking detail
- shows self dramatization, theatricality and exaggerated expression of emotion
- is suggestible, easily influenced by other circumstances
- considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are
Rule out criteria (Criterion B on most diagnostic lists) include rule out
for disorders with psychotic symptoms – Why might this be?
Because of the features that reflect an “odd” way of organizing
interpersonal information that seems similar to that of individuals
with a Psychotic Disorder (or Mood disorders with psychotic
features)
Schizoid and Schizotypal also include rule out of Autism-Spectrum
Disorders – Why might this be?
Because of the features that reflect a particularly idiosyncratic way of
organizing interpersonal information that seems similar to that of
individuals with a of Autism-Spectrum Disorders
Paranoid PD
A. A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood and present as indicated by 4
- suspects, without sufficent basis, that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving him or her
- is preoccupied with unjustifted doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends or associates
- is reluctant to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the info will be used maliciously against him or her
- reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events
- persistently bears grudges; ie. is unforgiven of insults, injuries or slights
- perceives attacks on his or her character or reputation that are not apparent to others and is quick to react angrily or to counterattack
- has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner
Schizoid PD
A. A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings, beginning by early adulthood and present in 4 or more of the following
- neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family
- almost always chooses solitary activities
- has little, if any, interest in having sexual experiences with another person
- takes pleasure in few, if any, activies
- lacks close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives
- appears indifferent to the praise or criticism of others
- shows emotional coldness, detachment, or criticism of others
Schiztypial PD
A. A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficts marked by acute discomfort with and reduced capacity for close relationships as well as by cognitive or percuptual distortions and eccentrics of behavior beginning by early adulthood and present in 5 of the following
- ideas of reference (exclusing delusion of refence)
- odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior and is inconsistent with subcultural norms
- unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions
- odd thinking speech
- suspiciousness or paranoid ideation
- inappropriate or constricted affect
- behavior or appearance that is odd, eccentric, or peculiar
- lack of close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives
- excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and tends to be associated with paranoid fears rather than negative judgements about self.
Cluster C PD’s Often comorbid with Anxiety Disorders – Why might this be?
Because symptoms of these PDs reflect maladaptive coping responses
to experiences of anxiety. Coping responses manifest as behaviors
done to others, which results in interpersonal conflict.
Avoidant PD
A. A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, beginning by early adulthood and present of the following:
- avoids occupational activities that involve signficant interpersonal contact, because of fears of critiscm disaporval of rejection
- is unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked
- shows restraint within intimate relationships because of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed
- is preoccupied with being criticized or rejection in social situations inadequacy
- is inhibited in new intepersonal situations because of feelings of inadequency by four or more
- views self as social inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others
- is unusally reluctant to take personal risks or engage in any new activities because they may prove embarrassing
