Prejudice - Textbook

Question 1

What is thought to breed prejudice? Why?

Answer 1

Unequal status. Stereotypes rationalize it.

Question 2

What is benevolent sexism?

Answer 2

When males given female subordinates lots of praise but fewer resources, thus undermining their performance. Patronizing the other sex.

Question 3

We see other groups as either ______ or ______.

Answer 3

Either competent or likeable.

Question 4

What is behind complementary stereotypes?

Answer 4

The motive to see the system as just, fair, and benevolent.

Question 5

What is social dominance orientation?

Answer 5

A motivation to have your own group be dominant over other groups.

Question 6

How do people with social dominance orientation tend to view people? What does it lead to?

Answer 6

Viewing people in terms of hierarchies; may lead people to embrace and justify prejudice.

Question 7

What do children’s implicit racial attitudes reflect?

Answer 7

Their parents explicit prejudice.

Question 8

Why are authoritarian parented children supposedly more prejudiced?

Answer 8

Harsh discipline causes them to repress their hostilities and impulses and to “project” them onto out-groups.

Question 9

What mode of thinking causes authoritarians to be more prejudiced?

Answer 9

Definitive black and white/right and wrong thinking. It makes ambiguity hard to tolerate.

Question 10

When do authoritarian tendencies surge?

Answer 10

During times of economic recession and social upheaval.

Question 11

What combination of traits makes people the most prejudiced or even leaders of hate groups?

Answer 11

Authoritarian and social dominance oriented.

Question 12

What is social dominance orientation related to?

Answer 12

A person’s group status.

Question 13

What are authoritarian tendencies related to?

Answer 13

Concerns with security and control.

Question 14

What is the relationship between religion and prejudice?

Answer 14

They are correlated, but causation is not guaranteed. Religion is often used to justify prejudice.

Question 15

What is the relationship between conformity and prejudice?

Answer 15

If prejudice is socially accepted, people will often conform and go along with it to be liked (as opposed to out of hate).

Question 16

What is the relationship between institutional supports and prejudice?

Answer 16

Social institutions can reinforce dominant cultural attitudes; when this includes prejudice they are often unintended and unnoticed.

Question 17

What is an example of an oft unnoticed institutional support?

Answer 17

The Face-ism phenomenon: 2/3 of the average male photo is devoted to the face, but less than 1/2 of the average female photo. Prominent faces portray intelligence and ambition.

Question 18

What is the scapegoat theory of motivation behind prejudice?

Answer 18

Pain and frustration evoke hostility, and if the cause is intimidating or vague, that anger is displaced onto others.

Question 19

What is Gause’s law?

Answer 19

Maximum competition will exist between species with identical needs.

Question 20

What is in-group bias?

Answer 20

The tendency to favour your own group.

Question 21

What can in-group bias reflect?

Answer 21

Liking for the in-group, dislike for the out-group, or both.

Question 22

What is infrahumanization?

Answer 22

Failing to ascribe human emotions to out-groups.

Question 23

What is the just-world phenomenon?

Answer 23

The tendency people have to believe that the world is just, and that, therefore, people get what they deserve and deserve what they get.

Question 24

What are 5 instances when it is especially easy and efficient to rely on stereotypes?

Answer 24

Pressed for time, preoccupied, tired, emotionally aroused, too young to appreciate diversity.

Question 25

What is the relationship between categorization and prejudice?

Answer 25

Categorization does not always cause prejudice, but it is necessary for prejudice.

Question 26

What happens to a person when they are made conspicuous in a group?

Answer 26

They are often seen as causing what happens.