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EOC Bio Test Prep > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Which one are smaller: molecules or atoms?

A

Atoms

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2
Q

What do an abundance of cells create?

A

Tissue

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3
Q

A community is smaller than an

A

Ecosystem

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4
Q

A population is made of

A

Several interacting species

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5
Q

A number of populations create a

A

Community

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6
Q

Different groups of organisms are

A

Different species

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7
Q

Which are bigger: compounds or macromolecules?

A

Macromolecules

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8
Q

What are the four major macromolecules?

A

Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids

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9
Q

What are the building blocks (monomers) for proteins?

A

Amino acids

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10
Q

What is an enzyme and give an example of one.

A

An enzyme catalyzes reactions and an example would be amylase.

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11
Q

What are considered to be simple and complex carbs?

A

An example of simple carbs would be fruit and complex carbs are things like pasta and bread

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12
Q

What are lipids used for?

A

Long-term energy storage

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13
Q

Do enzymes come in the form of proteins?

A

Yes

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14
Q

What are structural proteins used for?

A

Hair and skin

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15
Q

Give an example of a transport protein and what it does.

A

Hemoglobin - helps transports oxygen throughout the body

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16
Q

What are carbohydrates used for?

A

Short-term energy use and storage

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17
Q

What do hormonal proteins do and give an example.

A

Insulin - sends messages

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18
Q

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

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19
Q

Which macromolecule has no true monomer?

A

Lipids

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20
Q

What are nucleic acids used for?

A

Protein synthesis and storing genetic information

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21
Q

What foods do we eat that contain a lot of protein?

A

Beans, meat, dairy

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22
Q

What are the building blocks for carbohydrates and give examples.

A

Monosaccharaides - ex.) glucose and other simple sugars

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23
Q

What macromolecule consists of fatty acids and glycerol as its building blocks?

A

Lipids

24
Q

Two examples of nucleic acids

A

DNA and RNA

25
Q

How are lipids used in the body?

A

Cholesterol and adipose tissue

26
Q

How are carbohydrates used in the body and give three examples.

A

In the form of polysaccharides - ex.) cellulose, glycogen, and starch

27
Q

How do we obtain nucleic acids?

A

By eating any plant or animal that has DNA in it

28
Q

Unsaturated fats become what at room temperature?

A

Liquid (like oil - ex. olive, vegetable)

29
Q

Unsaturated fats and saturated fats are examples of

what macromolecule?

A

Lipids

30
Q

What type of lipid is solid at room temperature and give an example.

A

Saturated fats - ex.) steak fat

31
Q

Enzymes can be denatured by what?

A

Changes in temperature, salinity, or pH

32
Q

Are enzymes specific in the reactions they participate

in?

A

Yes, very specific

33
Q

Can enzymes be used over and over?

A

Yes, because they are “recyclable”

34
Q

How do enzymes build new molecules?

A

By dehydration synthesis a.k.a. condensation

35
Q

What are enzymes used for?

A

To build new molecules and break down (hydrolyze) food in our body

36
Q

What do you call enzymes that can speed up chemical reactions?

A

Catalysts

37
Q

What do catalysts do?

A

They speed up chemical reactions by lowering the amount of activation energy

38
Q

What is activation energy?

A

The amount of energy needed

39
Q

What are considered to be the “products”?

A

After a substrate has chemically bonded to the active site of an enzyme and is released

40
Q

All cells except bacteria and archaea are

A

Eukaryotic

41
Q

Which are more complex cells: prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

42
Q

Which are smaller: eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes

43
Q

What type of cell has no membrane-bound nucleus or organelles?

A

Prokaryotes

44
Q

What does the Endosymbiotic Theory state?

A

That eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells

45
Q

What was the reasoning behind the Endosymbiotic Theory?

A

That prokaryotes consumed each other and instead of digesting, they formed a symbiotic relationship

46
Q

What is the difference between animal and plant cells?

A

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplast while animal cells have lysosomes and centrioles

47
Q

Do both animal and plant cells have vacuoles?

A

Yes, but a plant has one large one

48
Q

What organelle makes ribosomes?

A

The nucleolus

49
Q

What do centrioles do?

A

Centrioles are used in cell division

50
Q

Where is the site of cellular respiration?

A

The mitochondria

51
Q

What is the cell wall made of?

A

Cellulose

52
Q

What does the vacuole store?

A

Food, water, and waste

53
Q

What organelle controls cell processes and stores

DNA?

A

The nucleus

54
Q

What is the smallest organelle who is also the site of protein synthesis?

A

Ribosomes

55
Q

What organelle is the site of photosynthesis?

A

Chloroplast

EOC Bio Test Prep (2 decks)

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