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Bio > 18,19,20 > Flashcards

18,19,20 Flashcards

0
Q

The maximum population a habitat can support is its…

A

Carrying capacity

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1
Q

An ideal habitat with unlimited resources is associated with…

A

Exponential growth

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2
Q

Logistic growth invokes

A

Population growth is slowing down as the population approaches

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3
Q

In exponential growth

A

Population sizes grows faster and faster as the population gets bigger.

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4
Q

Which of the following would not cause population size to decrease?

A

Increased birth rates

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5
Q

To figure out the human population density of your community, you would need to know the number of people living there and ….

A

The size of the area in which they live

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6
Q

An example of population density is…

A

The number is paramecium caudatum in a 250-mollified solution within a glass flask

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7
Q

Chimpanzees have a relatively low birth rate. They take good care of their young and most chimps live a long life. The chimp survivorship curve would look like…

A

A relatively flat line that drops steeply at the end.

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8
Q

A population is defined as…

A

A group of individuals of a single species that occupies the same general area

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9
Q

A set of traits that affects an organism’s schedule of reproduction and survival is called its….

A

Life history

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10
Q

A population will always grow exponentially if….

A

There is no limiting factors.

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11
Q

When birth rate equals death rates,…..

A

The size of a population remains constant

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12
Q

A population of mice has grown so rapidly that there are 2,400 individuals in an ecosystem that will support about 1,800 mice. The mouse population is most likely to ..

A

Undergo a dramatic decline in size, possibly to a stable level at or below 1,800 individuals

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13
Q

A newly mated queen ant establishes a nest in a unoccupied patch of suitable habitat. Assuming that no disaster strikes the best, which type of equation is likely to best describe its population growth?

A

Logistic

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14
Q

No population can grow indefinitely. The ultimate size of any population is limited by…

A

The carrying capacity of its environment

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15
Q

Which one of the following would most likely be an example of an abiotic factor that limits population growth?

A

Daily temperature extremes

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16
Q

Human population growth is…

A

Currently exponential

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17
Q

The single greatest current. Amuse of population decline is…

A

Habitat destruction

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18
Q

A non-native species that has spread far beyond the original point of introduction and causes environmental or economic damage is called an

A

Invasive species

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19
Q

Which of the following is a definition of the ecological footprint

A

The estimate is the amount of land required to provide the raw materials an individual or a population consumes

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20
Q

Following the station fire in California, scientists are studying the role that what three fire-related things play in killing fish?

A

What, fire retardant, and debris in the water

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21
Q

After a large fire, the burned area is referred to as what?

A

Burn scar

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22
Q

What effects do ash particles have on a steam?

A

They increase alkalinity

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23
Q

What is expected to happen to most of the ash from the station fire?

A

It is expected to wash into streams and rivers.

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24
Q

The population of Greece is expected to….

A

Decline

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25
Q

True or false: assuming the current trend continues, in 30 years Greece will have more children than reproductive-age

A

False

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26
Q

True or false: assuming the current trend continues in 30 years Greece will have more children than elderly members is the population

A

False

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27
Q

True or false: assuming the current trend continues , in 30 years Greece will have more reproductive-age individuals than children.

A

True

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28
Q

True or false/ assuming the current trend continues.. In 30 years Greece will have more elderly than reproductive-age individuals

A

True

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29
Q

Greece had more females than males in 2000. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this?

A

Males generally have a shorter life span than females.

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30
Q

The population is Colombia is currently?

A

Expanding

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31
Q

True or false: assuming the current trend continues in 30 years Colombia will have more children than reproductive-age individuals

A

True

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32
Q

True or false/Assuming the current trend continues in 30 years Columbia will have more children than elderly members of the population.

A

True

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33
Q

True or false: assuming the current trend continues in 30 years Colombia will have more reproductive-age individuals than children

A

True

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34
Q

Assuming the current trend continues in 30 years Colombia will have more elderly than reproductive-age individuals

A

False

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35
Q

In the ecosystem budget, primary productivity is like…

A

Income

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36
Q

A young, growing calf kept in ideal conditions consumes 100 pounds of grain. As a result, you would expect the calf to put on about___ pounds of biomass.

A

10-15

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37
Q

To measure primary productivity in a grassland ecosystem, you should…

A

Exclude consumers; periodically mow, collect, and weigh the plants ;and. Calculate plant biomass production per unit times

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38
Q

What’s is the approximate maximum population of lions that the herbivores might support assuming that each lions biomass us equivalent to a single herbivores

A

100

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39
Q

How many people might be supported on a diet of beef produce by the ranch?

A

At most 10

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40
Q

An example of an “ecosystem service” that is vital to people is?

A

Water purification

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41
Q

Biodiversity includes genetic diversity, species diversity, and ….

A

Ecosystem diversity

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42
Q

One of the major contributors to extinction of species today is..

A

Habitat destruction

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43
Q

Which is most likely to lead to decreased biodiversity?

A

The introduction of invasive species

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44
Q

All organisms in a particular area make up a

A

Community

45
Q

According to the principal of interspecific competition, two species can not continue to occupy the same…

A

Ecological niche

46
Q

An organism’s “trophic level” refers to…

A

What it eats

47
Q

An organism gets carbon by using dioxide in the atmosphere to make sugar molecules. This organism is a…

A

Producer

48
Q

Which organisms play a role in returning carbon to the atmosphere?

A

Producers, consumers, and decomposers every carbon atom in the organic molecules that make up your body MUST recently have been part of a producer

49
Q

Imagine following a single carbon atom through the carbon cycle. Which of the following is a possible path for the carbon atom to take?

A

The atmosphere, a plant, a herbivore, a decomposer, then back to the atmosphere

50
Q

Which process return carbon to the atmosphere?

A

Cellular respiration only

51
Q

Consider this segment of a food web. Snails and grasshoppers eat pepper plants; spiders eat grasshoppers; shrews eat snails and spiders; owls eat shrews. The shrew occupies the tropic levels of …

A

Secondary and tertiary consumers

52
Q

Which of the following describes the number of different species in the community?

A

Species richness

53
Q

During ecological succession, the species composition of a plant community….

A

Changes gradually because each species responds differently to changes in environmental factors

54
Q

Which of the following is an example of primary succession?

A

Colonization of a newly formed volcanic island.

55
Q

What type is population interaction benefits neither population?

A

Competition

56
Q

Flounder look like the sea floor. This is Ann example of….

A

Cryptic coloration

57
Q

A tick has what type of relationship with a dog?

A

Parasitic

58
Q

A lichen is actually composed of two organizations: a fungus and a alga. They depend on each other for survival. The most specific term that describes third relationship is ….

A

Mutualism

59
Q

Why does biological magnification occur?

A

Although the amount of organic material decreases with increasing trophic level, the amount of toxin remains the same.

60
Q

Herbivores are…

A

Primary consumers

61
Q

Which is the following is a producer?

A

Poison ivy

62
Q

Which of the following best illustrates ecological succession

A

Grass grows on a sand dune, then shrubs and then trees

63
Q

The energy for nearly every organism in almost every ecosystem ultimately comes from

A

The sun

64
Q

Biogeochemical cycles are crucial to ecosystem functions because….

A

Nutrients and other life-sustaining molecules are in limited supply and must be continually recycled

65
Q

The biggest difference between the flow energy and the flow of chemical nutrients in an ecosystem is that…

A

Nutrients are recycled, but energy is not

66
Q

Which of the following is a component of the carbon cycle

A

Returned of CO2 to the atmosphere by animal and plant respiration

67
Q

The study and protection of biological diversity is a field called?

A

Conservation biology

68
Q

Regions with high concentrations of species, especially species that are endangered or threatened, are referred to as…

A

Biodiversity hot spots

69
Q

An assemblage of interacting ecosystems makes up a….

A

Landscape

70
Q

What best describes the trend in the species versus island area data?

A

The increase in numbers is species with increasing land area slows for larger islands suggesting that there may be a maximum number of species an island can hold regardless of size

71
Q

Roughly five order of magnitude separate the smallest and largest islands on the log plot. How many orders of magnitude separate them on the standard plot?

A

5

72
Q

If another island were present in the Caribbean that was about 1000 square miles in size, how many species of amphibians and reptiles would you expect to find on it? Choose the most likely number from the options below?

A

19

73
Q

Which continent has more than 12,000 cubic kilometers of water?

A

Asia

74
Q

Africa is much larger than Europe why doesn’t it have more fresh water?

A

Mush of its land area is covers with desert

75
Q

Which Continent has the highest ratio of available fresh water to population size?

A

Australia

76
Q

Wh oh continents currently have diffident water to meet the needs is thier population

A

North America. South America, Africa, Australia

77
Q

True or false: fresh water available per capita should remain stable over the next 50 years

A

False

78
Q

True or false/Asia has abundant water resources, but it’s high population size is causing water shortage

A

True

79
Q

True or false:Is someone of Australia’s water resources could be diverted to Asia, it would eliminate Asia’s water shortage

A

False

80
Q

The study of the interaction of organisms with each other and their environment invokes non-living factors also called_____ and living factors which are refers to as _____

A

Abiotic components; biotic components

81
Q

lists the ecological hierarchy from largerts to smallest

A

Biosphere,ecosystem, community, population, organism

82
Q

A scientist is studying how sea slugs respond to predators. Which hierarchical level of ecology does this represent?

A

Community

83
Q

Which hierarchical level is represented by a survey of students and their habits?

A

Populations

84
Q

What is the largest hierarchical level that global warning affects?

A

Biosphere

85
Q

An ecologist might conduct research to answer which of the following questions?

A

How do tapeworms cope with life in the human intestine

86
Q

Which of these would be considered a biotic component of your environment?

A

Your friend

87
Q

Which of these is a population?

A

All of the people living in your state

88
Q

The sum of all earth ecosystems is called the___

A

Biosphere

89
Q

The specific place in which an organism lives is its__

A

Habitats

90
Q

What is the ultimate source of engery for nearly all surface terrestrial and shallow water ecosystem?

A

Sunlight

91
Q

In hot desert environment, beetles will often orient themselves so they are facing the sun. This reduces direct solar radiation so the animals do not overheat. This is an example of___

A

A behavioral response

92
Q

Photosynthetic organisms, such as plants and algae, depend on the availability of two important inorganic nutrients, ____ and ____.

A

Nitrogen and phosphorus

93
Q

Which of the following is an example of a biome that is transitional between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem?

A

Wetland

94
Q

What are key factors for determining the biome of a specific region?

A

Both temperature and rainfall

95
Q

The global water cycle supports a net flow of atmospheric water vapor ____

A

From the ocean to land

96
Q

The photic zone is a shallow water near shore and the unpoetic layer of water away from store where….

A

Light is available for photosynthesis

97
Q

The dominant greenhouse gas is____

A

Carbon dioxide

98
Q

An increase in mosquitoes has many official concerned about what illness?

A

West Nile virus

99
Q

groupings is mosquito eggs are called what?

A

Rafts

100
Q

What fish is often used to eat mosquito larvae in the ponds of foreclosed homes?

A

Gambusia

101
Q

What mosquito arrived in the U.S in 1985 and is wreaking havoc in parts of the northeast?

A

The Asian tiger mosquito

102
Q

What is the best statement regarding the graph of atmosphere Co2 concentrations?

A

Atmosphere CO2 concentration have increased by more than 15% over the past 50 years

103
Q

What is the best statement regarding the graph in step 2 showing atmosphere CO2 and surface temperature changes over the past 50 years?

A

This data is consistent with the hypothesis that increased atmosphere concentrations of CO2 may be causing an increase In average surface temperatures

104
Q

Assume that you wanted to give the impression that, although CO2 levels have indeed increased over the 50 years, they have not had a significant impact on average surface temperature. Which of the scales shown in step 3 would be the best choice?

A

Scale 3

105
Q

For which of the scales shown in step 3 is the increase in CO2 concentration less than 10%?

A

None

106
Q

Choose the list of predictions trajectories for CO2 concentration that matches them in order with the aggressive, moderate, and mormal control scenarios

A

C, B, A

107
Q

If the USA adopted and maintain a policy of minimal control of CO2 emissions what level would we expect its emissions to be 2020?

A

2716MMT

108
Q

Assuming that increasing CO2 concentration are directly linked to increased surface temperature which scenario should result in a reduction of temperature to below thier 1960-1990 averages by 2040?

A

None

109
Q

During what time period was the growth of fish captures greatest?

A

1955 to 1979

110
Q

Choose the likeliest explanation for the teen shown in this graph

A

Most potential fishes in the worlds ovens had been discovered by about 1970

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