Abdominal Cavity II

Question 1

What are the parts of the greater omentum?

Answer 1

Gastrophrenic ligament
Gastrosplenic (gastrolienal) ligament
Gastrocolic ligament

Question 2

What divides the lesser and greater omentum?

Answer 2

The stomach. From liver to stomach is lesser, from stomach to rest of abdominal contents is greater.

Question 3

What is the only part of the large intestine that is intraperitoneal?

Answer 3

Transverse colon.

Question 4

What are the parts of the lesser omentum?

Answer 4

Hepatoduodenal ligament

Hepatogastric ligament

Question 5

What is the bare area of the liver?

Answer 5

Part of the liver under the coronary ligament that doesn’t have any peritoneum on it.

Question 6

What is the main function of the stomach?

Answer 6

Mechanical, not chemical digestion and food storage. Done via muscular contractions and acid.

Question 7

What is the function of stomach rugae?

Answer 7

Allows the stomach to stretch.

Question 8

What is the difference between a sliding and paraesophageal hiatal hernia?

Answer 8

Sliding: cardiac portion of stomach will slide into thorax and back into abdomen.
Paraesophageal: more severe and painful. This is the stomach into the thorax. Can cause digestion and breathing problems.

Question 9

What kind of digestion is performed in the small intestine?

Answer 9

Chemical digestion. Duodenum neutralizes chyme by secreting HCO3-.

Question 10

What is the difference between the major and minor duodenal papilla?

Answer 10

Major is where pancreatic and liver secretions drain into the duodenum. Minor is only pancreatic secretions.

Question 11

How do you differentiate the small intestine sections?

Answer 11

Jejunum: fat doesn’t come down all the way to the intestine. Only 1 major loop of blood vessel with vessels coming to the intestine
Ileum: fat comes all the way and overlaps the intestine. Lots of blood vessel circles with short arteries.

Question 12

What is the function of the appendix?

Answer 12

Storage of certain organisms and immune function of the intestine.

Question 13

What are the main functions of the liver?

Answer 13

Protein synthesis
Bile secretion
Metabolism (and storage of metabolites)
Detoxification

Question 14

What is the innervation of the liver?

Answer 14

Celiac plexus

Question 15

How many lobes does the liver contain?

Answer 15

4: Right, Left, caudate, quadrate (part of the right lobe right by gallbaldder)

Question 16

What type of blood does the hepatic portal vein supply to liver?

Answer 16

Oxygen poor, nutrient rich blood. Carries toxins to be removed from circulation.

Question 17

What are the functions of the gallbladder?

Answer 17

Bile storage, concentration and release

Question 18

What are the problems with gallstones?

Answer 18

Lodged stone in the duct causes intense pain. Can also cause post hepatic jaundice.

Question 19

What is the function of the pancreas?

Answer 19

Producing the main digestive enzymes to digest nearly all parts of food.
Insulin and glucagon synthesis.

Question 20

Innervation of the pancreas?

Answer 20

Celiac plexus and superior mesenteric plexus

Question 21

The functions of the spleen include:

Answer 21

Destroys senescent red blood cells.

Rapid proliferation of monocytes and mature lymphocytes in response to antigens.

Question 22

What is splenomegaly?

Answer 22

Large spleen. Can be caused by infections (ie mononucleosis) and liver issues. Cancers of blood and bone also can cause it.