3.1

Question 1

what is the purpose of a slim capsule on a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 1

protection and prevents dehydration

Question 2

what is the purpose of pili on prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

adhesion

Question 3

what is the structure of the cell wall?

Answer 3

secreted by the protoplast and has primary and secondary structures

Question 4

why is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 4

has high tensile strength, freely permeable to water, support and protein synthesis

Question 5

what is the structure of the plasma membrane?

Answer 5

boundary of cell and cell organelles

Question 6

what is the function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 6

enclosed cellular contents and regulates movement of materials in and out of the cell

Question 7

what is the structure of the nucleus?

Answer 7

large structure surrounded by a double membrane, contains nucleus and chromosomes

Question 8

what is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 8

information in the DNA is transcribed in RNA synthesis and specifies cellular proteins

Question 9

what is the structure of the chloroplasts?

Answer 9

contain chlorophyll and cartenoid pigments

Question 10

what is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 10

carry out photosynthesis

Question 11

what is the structure of mitochondria?

Answer 11

sac surrounded by an envelope, inner membrane has cristae, contains a matrix, has a few ribosomes and a circular piece of DNA

Question 12

what is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 12

site of most of the reactions of cellular respiration

Question 13

what is the structure of lysosomes?

Answer 13

membranous sacs

Question 14

what is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 14

a type of golgi vesicle that releases lysozymes

Question 15

what is the structure of ribosomes?

Answer 15

very small organelle, consists of a large and small subunit and made of protein and RNA

Question 16

what is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 16

protein synthesis

Question 17

what is the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)?

Answer 17

network of internal membranes extending through cytoplasm, can have ribosomes attached (rough) or not (smooth)

Question 18

what is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 18

synthesis of lipids

Question 19

what is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 19

synthesis of proteins and packaging into vesicles

Question 20

what is the structure of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 20

stacks of flattened membrane sacs

Question 21

what is the function of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 21

modifies proteins, packages secreted proteins and sorts other proteins

Question 22

what is the structure of the microvilli?

Answer 22

form a fringe across the surface of the cell called a brush border

Question 23

what is the function of the microvilli?

Answer 23

increase the cell surface area by up to 25x

Question 24

what is the structure of the vesicles?

Answer 24

small spherical organelle, bonded by a single membrane and can have ribosomes attached

Question 25

what is the function of a vesicle?

Answer 25

store and transport substances around the cell

Question 26

what is the structure of the centrioles?

Answer 26

hollow cylinders formed of microtubules

Question 27

what is the function for the centrioles?

Answer 27

form the spindle fibres in cell division

Question 28

what is the structure of microtubules?

Answer 28

polymers of proteins forming a hollow tube

Question 29

what is the function of microtubules?

Answer 29

make up the centrioles

Question 30

what is the structure of the nuclear membrane?

Answer 30

the membrane that surrounds the nucleus

Question 31

what is the function of the nuclear membrane?

Answer 31

acts as a barrier between the nucleus and the rest of the cell

Question 32

what is the structure of a nuclear pore?

Answer 32

gaps in the nuclear membrane

Question 33

what is the function of a nuclear pore?

Answer 33

controls what can enter and leave the nucleus

Question 34

what is the structure of the nucleolus?

Answer 34

a small structure found within the nucleus

Question 35

what is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 35

location of ribosomes synthesis

Question 36

what is the acrosome?

Answer 36

a type of lysosome found in the head of sperm cells

Question 37

from inside to outside of the egg cell, name the three layers

Answer 37

cell surface membrane, zona pellucida and follicle cells

Question 38

what creates genetic variation in meiosis?

Answer 38

independent assortment and crossing over

Question 39

what is gene linkage?

Answer 39

when genes that are close to each other on the same chromosome are inherited together

Question 40

what is the chiasma?

Answer 40

the point where the chromatids break during crossing over