3.1 and 3.2 Flashcards
(49 cards)
Where does digestion of food occur?
In the mouth, stomach, and small intestine.
What is mastication?
A mechanical process in the digestion of food.
What is an example of mechanical digestion?
Chewing.
Do accessory organs participate in digestion?
No digestion occurs in the accessory organs (liver, gallbladder, and pancreas).
What is bile?
An emulsifier that brings lipase and dietary fat closer.
What enzyme helps break down starch?
Amylase.
What enzyme helps break down triglycerides?
Lipase.
What can cause protein denaturation?
Hydrochloric acid in the stomach and heat when cooking.
Where does protein digestion occur?
In the small intestine by protease enzymes.
What are enzymes?
Proteins that catalyze metabolic reactions.
What is the bonding of amino acids to form proteins called?
Anabolic.
What does glucagon do?
Increases blood glucose by breaking down glycogen.
What is cholesterol synthesis?
Involves anabolic reactions.
What is peristalsis?
The autonomic action that moves food particles along the digestive tract.
Where is most water absorbed in the GI tract?
In the colon (large intestine).
Where are most nutrients absorbed in the GI tract?
In the small intestine.
What are the two basic types of protein shape?
Fibrous and globular.
What condition is Kwashiorkor best described as?
Protein malnutrition.
What is marasmus?
Both protein and energy malnutrition.
What is an example of a high-quality protein?
Eggs.
What is fiber’s effect on transit time?
Decreases the amount of time food spends in the GI tract.
What type of fiber helps lower blood cholesterol?
Soluble fiber.
What are the dietary fiber recommendations for women?
25g/d.
What are the dietary fiber recommendations for men?
38g/d.
