3.1 Electron Theory

Question 1

What are the three subatomic parts within an atom?

Answer 1

-proton
-neutron
-electron

Question 2

In nature atoms and molecules are said to be electrically?

Answer 2

Neutral

Question 3

If a atom or molecule is said to be electrically neutral, what is used to change this?

Answer 3

Friction

Question 4

What charge does a proton hold?

Answer 4

A positive charge

Question 5

What charge does a neutron have?

Answer 5

A neutral charge

Question 6

What charge does an electron have?

Answer 6

A negative charge

Question 7

Where can an electron be found in an atom?

Answer 7

In an orbit (shells)

Question 8

What prevents the electrons from moving away the nucleus?

Answer 8

They’re attracted to the positively charged protons

Question 9

What is the charge of a single electron?

Answer 9

-1.602 x 10^-19

Question 10

What is the charge of a single proton?

Answer 10

+1.602 x 10^-19

Question 11

Why do protons and neutrons make up the mass of an atom?

Answer 11

Because electrons have almost no mass

Question 12

What is the electrical charge of an atom if it has the same amount of protons and electrons?

Answer 12

There is no electrical charge

Question 13

If an atom has more electrons than protons, what is its electrical charge?

Answer 13

Negative

Question 14

If an atom has more protons than electrons what is its electrical charge?

Answer 14

It has a positive charge

Question 15

What are positive or negative charged atoms called?

Answer 15

Ions (positive ions or negative ions)

Question 16

A charged atom is said to be?

Answer 16

Ionised

Question 17

What is a molecule?

Answer 17

An electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

Question 18

What is a charged molecule called?

Answer 18

It is also called an ion

Question 19

To detach an outer electron from an atom what is needed?

Answer 19

External energy (heat, light, electrostatic fields, etc)

Question 20

When an electron is detached from an atom what is it called?

Answer 20

Free electron

Question 21

When an atom losses an electron what electrical charge does it take up?

Answer 21

A positive ion (because it now has more protons than electrons)

Question 22

When an atom gains an electron in its outer orbit it becomes?

Answer 22

Negatively charged because it now has more electrons than protons

Question 23

What are the two ways that ions can be created?

Answer 23

Physically or chemical means

Question 24

When two or more elements are combined chemically, what is the new substance called?

Answer 24

A compound

Question 25

In metal the atoms are closely packed and form a giant structure with a regular pattern. What is this called?

Answer 25

Crystal lattice

Question 26

In the crystal lattice of metals what overlaps?

Answer 26

The outer shells of atoms

Question 27

Why do the outer shells of a crystal lattice overlap?

Answer 27

To allow the electrons to move freely through the lattice like a Fluid

Question 28

Why are metals good conductors?

Answer 28

High electron mobility

Question 29

What is the general rule for good conductors when it comes to electrons?

Answer 29

To have less than four in the valence orbit

Question 30

How can a semiconductor be defined?

Answer 30

Somewhere between a good conductor and a good insulator

Question 31

How can the conductivity of a semiconductor be affected?

Answer 31

Temperature, doping (adding foreign atoms), or by light

Question 32

What is the general rule for semiconductors when it comes to electrons?

Answer 32

Contain four in the valence orbit

Question 33

Where are semiconductors located in the periodic table?

Answer 33

In between metals and non-metals

Question 34

What are insulators also known as?

Answer 34

Non-conductors

Question 35

In insulators what prevents the electrons from breaking away?

Answer 35

They’re tightly connected to the atoms or molecules

Question 36

What is the general rule for good insulators when it comes to electrons?

Answer 36

The valence orbit contains more than four electrons

Question 37

What are the names for a positively and negatively charged ion?

Answer 37

Cation (positive) anion (negative)