3.1 - In the Beginning Flashcards
What are prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes are single cellular, and eaukaryotes are multicellular organisms such as animals
What ribosomes does a prokaryote have?
70S proteins made up of a 30S and 50S component
What organelles does a prokaryote have?
- Ribosomes
- Plasmid
- Pili
- Capsule
- Cytoplasm
- Flagellum
- Cell wall
- Cell surface membrane
- Nucleoid
What organelles does a eukaryote have?
- ER (smooth, rough)
- Nucleolus
- Nucleus
- Nuclear envelope (porous)
- Centrioles
- Lysosome
- Golgi apparatus
- 80S ribosomes
- Mitochondrion
What organelles are common to all cells?
- Ribosomes
- DNA
- Plasma membrane
- Cytoplasm
What is a nucleoid?
Single ,circular length of DNA, folded into a region called the nucleoid
What is the cell wall made up of in prokaryotic cells?
Peptidoglycan, a polymer of sugar and some amino acids
What is the plasmid?
Double stranded DNA in a circular structure. They contain genes to aid in survival, such as antibiotic resistance or toxin producing genes
What are pili?
Thin protein tubes which allow bacteria to stick to surfaces
What are mesosomes?
They are infolded in the plasma membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Some don’t think they exist in living bacteria and are caused by the preparation process
Why are light microscopes limited?
The wavelength of light is a limiting factor and doesn’t allow us to see the smaller organelles
What is one advantage and one disadvantage of electron microscopes?
- They have a very short wavelength and allow us to see small organelles
- They can only be used to examine dead material
What is the nucleus surrounded by?
A double membrane or nuclear envelope, with pores in
What is a lysosome
Enclosed by a single membrane and contains digestive enzymes to destroy old organelles and pathogens
What is the role of the golgi apparatus?
To modify proteins and package them in vesicles for transport
