3.1 - Introduction to Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Define Empirical formula
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule.
Define Molecular formula.
Gives the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecule.
Define displayed formula.
Shows every atom and every bond in a molecule.
Define structural formula.
Shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond.
Define skeletal formula.
Drawn as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom. Carbon atoms not drawn, assumed each C atom has all unspecified bonds C-H.
Give the suffixes for:
1. No double bonds
2. At least one double bond
3. An alcohol
4. An aldehyde
5. A ketone
6. A carboxylic acid
- -ane
- -ene
- -ol
- -al
- -one
- -oic acid
Give the prefixes for:
1. CH3 group
2. C2H5 group
3. C3H7 group
4. C4H9 group
5. Cl group
7. Br group
8. I group
- Methyl-
- Ethyl-
- Propyl-
- Butyl-
- Chloro-
- Bromo-
- Iodo-
Define structural isomerism.
When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
What is positional isomerism?
Functional group is attached to the main chain at a different place.
What id functional group isomerism?
Same atoms but a different functional group due to a different arrangement of atoms.
What is chain isomerism?
Hydrocarbon chain organised differently e.g. branched chains.
Define stereoisomerism.
When molecules have the same structural and molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of atoms in space.
What is E-Z isomerism and how are the E and Z isomers decided?
E-Z isomerism is caused by the limited rotation about C=C double bonds.
If the two substituents with the highest molecular mass are on the same side of the double bond, it us the Z isomer.
If they are on different sides, it is the E isomer.
