31 - Portugal Flashcards
(49 cards)
1
Q
- climate of Portugal
- influences
A
- despite the fact that it is only a small country, Portugal has a range of different climates
- the singel most important influence is that of the Atlantic Ocean
–> much of the country has a maritime climate - in many of the inland vy the climate is hot, dry & continental
- in some regions altitude can help to mitigate the very high temperatures
- the large difference in annual average temperature partly account for the diversity of wine styles found in Portugal
2
Q
5 main DOC & the largest Vinho Regional in Portugal
A
- Vinho Verde
- Douro
- Dão
- Bairrada
- Alentejo
- Vinho Regional Alentejano
3
Q
Portuguese wine laws
- name of PDO, PGI, without
A
PDO
- Denominacão de Origem Protegida (DOP)
- Denominacão de Origem Controlada (DOC) –> traditional term
PGI
- Indicacão Geográfica Protegida (IGP)
- Vinho Regional (VR) –> traditional term
without GI
- Vinho
4
Q
where is Vinho Verde?
A
- in the north-west of Portugal
5
Q
climate of Vinho Verde
A
- Moderate Maritime climate
6
Q
- most significant feature of the climate of Vinho Verde
- hazards
- how to avoid
A
- high annual rainfall
- excessive canopy growth & disease
- careful canopy management
7
Q
canopy management in Vinho Verde
(trad., mod., how & why)
A
- traditional: pergola trellising
modernisation of the vy:
- spur-pruned VSP
- to create airflow in the humid environment
- to improve the health & quality of the grapes & to allow for mechanisation
8
Q
char. of classic white Vinho Verde
A
- pale lemon coloured
- high in acidity
- low in alcohol (8-11,5%)
- the wines with lower alcohol are usually off-dry in style
- traditionally, these wines hav a slight sparkling sensation that enhances their freshness
9
Q
Vinho Verde
If …, … or …, is mentioned on the label the wine can have up to 14% abv
A
- a grape variety
- a sub-region
- an authorised quality labelling term
10
Q
white wines of Portugal are made from
A
local grape varieties such as
- Loureiro
- Arinto
Or
- Alvarinho
11
Q
- Vinho Verde Alvarinho is made from …
- grown in …
- alcohol
- aromas
A
- entirely from Alvarinho grapes
- the small designated sub-region of Moncão e Melgaco
- slightly higher alcohol (11,5-14%)
- riper, more tropical aromas
12
Q
colour of grapes in Vinho Verde
A
white & black varieties
13
Q
colour of wine in Vinho Verde
A
white, red & rosé
14
Q
short char. of red & rose in Vinho Verde
A
- Red: deeply coloured & tannic
- Rosé: fresh & fruity
15
Q
Where is Douro
A
- 80 km east of Porto
- stretches from the Marão Mountains to the frontier with Spain
16
Q
wine production in Douro is dominated by
A
Port
17
Q
5 principal grape varieties in Douro
A
- Touriga Nacional
- Touriga Franca
- Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo)
- Tinta Barroca
- Tinta Cão
18
Q
the most well known grape & considered the highest-quality variety in Douro
A
Touriga Nacional
19
Q
Touriga Nacional
A
- low yields
- intense colour & flavours
- high levels of tannin
20
Q
red wines of the Douro tend to be
A
- deeply coloured
- full-bodied
- high level of ripe tannins
- rich black fruit flavours
- best: often display subtle toasty aromas from maturation in new oak
21
Q
white wines of Douro
A
- fresh varietal fruit
- medium to high acidity
22
Q
where is Dão?
A
- in a mountainous area 80 km south of the Douro region
23
Q
- the vines in Dão are …
- vy lies …
A
- planted on the gentler hills & slopes
- between 200-400m
24
Q
climate of Dão (winters, summers)
A
- cold, wet winters
- warm, dry summers
- significant temperature variation between day & night
25
the red wines from Dão
- often display delicate red fruit aromas
- soft tannins
- high acidity
26
vy improvement schemes in Dão have seen new plantings of high-quality varieties including ..., ..., ... & ...
1. Touriga Nacional
2. Tinta Roriz
3. Jaen (Mencia in Spain)
4. Alfrocheiro
27
Alfrocheiro in Dão
- deep in colour
- intense aromas of blackberry & strawberry
- best: range in style from light & fresh to richer, barrel-fermented versions
28
where is Bairrada?
- between Dão & the Atlantic Ocean
29
1. climate in Bairrada
2. summers & winters
3. hazards
1. maritime climate
2. rainy winters & warm summers
3. rain around harvest time can sometimes be a problem for late ripening varieties
30
dominant black variety in Bairrada
Baga
31
Baga in Bairrada
(grape, wine, prod.met.)
- late ripening
- small, thick-skinned berries
- deep in colour
- high tannin levels
underripe:
- high acidity
- astringent tannins
later picking
- softer
- rich, black fruit flavours
give softer wines:
- gentler crushing & maceration techniques
- blending with other black varieties
32
grape varieties in Bairrada (8)
dominant:
- Baga
other important Portuguese grapes
- Touriga Nacional
- Alfrocheiro
international varieties:
- CS
- Merlot
- Syrah
white:
- Bical
- Maria Gomes
33
number of sub-regions in Alentejo
8
34
where is Alentejo
- in the south east of Portugal
35
climate in Alentejo
- warm growing season
- small climatic differences among the sub-regions
- cooler, wetter north
- hotter, drier centre & south
36
what allows Alentejo to make a range of different styles?
- small climatic differences among the 8 sub-regions
- cooler, wetter north --> more elegang wines
- hotter, drier centre & south --> richer examples
37
Grapes in Alentejo (5+3)
The typical red blend is made with
- typical red **blend** is made with **Aragonês (Tempranillo)** & **Trincadeira**
- **Alicante Bouschet** also used in blends
- the use of **Touriga Nacional** & **Syrah** has been increasing in the last few years
- white: **Arinto**, **Antão Vaz** & **Roupeiro**
38
another name for Aragonês
Tempranillo
39
Trincadeira
- drought-tolerant
- spicy red berry flavours
- high levels of tannin
40
Alicante Bouschet
colour & tannins
- high in colour & tannins
41
red wine in Alentejo are typically
- deep in colour
- high yet soft tannins
- full body
- expressive ripe fruit flavours
42
white wine in Alentejo
- grapes: Arinto, Antão Vaz & Roupeiro
- fruity & floral white wines
- medium to high acidity
- some are fermented or aged in oak to provide extra depth & complexity
43
the largest Vinho Regional region in terms of production
Vinho Regional Alentejano
44
where is Alentejano
- based around Alentejo DOC but covers a far more extensive area
- south east of Portugal
45
Vinho Regional Alentejano
- based around Alentejo DOC but covers a far more extensive area
- winemaking regulations are more liberal for the Vinho Regional wines
- a wider range of grape varieties can be used, particularly international varieties
46
Vinho Regional in Portugal (4)
1. Alentejano
2. Lisboa
3. Peninsula de Setubal
4. Tejo
47
where is VR Lisboa?
- stretching north from Lisbon
48
where is VR Peninsula de Setubal
directly to the south of Lisbon
49
where is VR Tejo
north-east of Lisbon
