3.1: scientific principles and process Flashcards
what is the scientific knowledge thought as
the current best explanation which can be updated after evaluation of further experimental evidence
why do biologists follow the scientific cycle
complete investigations
stages of the scientific cycle
- if necessary revise hypothesis
- observation
- hypothesis
- experimental design
-gathering,recording,analyse
data
-evaluation of results - conclusion
what are negative results
a biological investigation that fails to find an effect, this is still a valid finding
why is a negative result a valid finding
still valid as long as investigation has been well designed
how can conflicting data be resolved
through careful evaluation that may lead to further experimentation
how can results be valid
must be reproduceable and if they are one off they are treated with caution
what are statistics used to identify
if results were caused by chance or not
what is a null hypothesis
a statement which proposes that there will be no statistically significant effect as a result of the experimental treatment
examples of null hypothesis
light intensity has no effect on the rate of photosynthesis
concentration of antibiotic has no effect on microbial growth
how do scientific ideas become accepted
when they have been checked individually
what does communication allow
allows findings to be shared with other to further research
what aspects should be published in reports and why
methods, data, analysis, conclusions to allow others to repeat the experiment
how are scientific findings shared
seminars, talks, posters at conferences and publishing of academic journals
what should happen to published data
peer reviewed and critically evaluated by specialists with expertise in the relevant field
