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A Level DT > 3.1 Stock Forms of Wood > Flashcards

3.1 Stock Forms of Wood Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stock forms Natural timbers are available in?

A
  • Rough sawn
  • Planed square edge (PSE)
  • Planed all round (PAR)
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2
Q

What is rough sawn?

A
  • This is the most basic and cost effective form of wood preparation after the felling of the tree. It is not planed, but is left with a rough surface.
  • Commonly used in construction and fence-posts
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3
Q

How is planed timber prepared?

A

using a planer and thicknesser

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4
Q

What is the difference between PSE and PAR planed timber?

A
  • PSE is only planed on 2 sides - only has one square edge
  • PAR is planed on all sides - it’s square on all sides
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5
Q

What are mouldings?

A

machined profiles made for functional and aesthetic purposes

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6
Q

What are the measurements of full boards?

A

1220 x 2440mm

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7
Q

What are manufactured boards?

A

They are produced by gluing wood layers or wood fibres together

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8
Q

What type of trees does softwood come from?

A

Coniferous trees

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9
Q

What type of trees does hardwood come from?

A

Deciduous trees

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10
Q

Name the most common softwoods

A
  • Pine
  • Douglas fir
  • Cedar
  • Spruce
  • Redwood
  • Larch
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11
Q

What are the properties of Pine?

A
  • It’s lightweight with a straight grain but has knots
  • It’s easy to work with, glues and finishes well and it’s cost-effective
  • It can be used outdoors but must be treated or protected first
  • Used in furniture and wooden flooring
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12
Q

What are the properties of Redwood?

A
  • The tallest trees in the world
  • Lightweight, soft, good strength-to-weigh ratio
  • Used for construction, decking and musical instruments
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13
Q

What are the properties of Spruce?

A
  • It’s easy to work with and has a uniform texture
  • It was widely used in the construction of aircraft in World War I and II and is now used in housing construction, cabinets and instruments
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14
Q

What are the properties of Cedar?

A
  • It’s resistant to decay, moisture, weathering and insect attack as it has a high oil content
  • Lightweight, easy to work with and knot free but is fairly toxic
  • Used for boat building and outdoor panelling
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15
Q

What are the properties of Larch?

A
  • It’s a hard timber with a reddish brown colour which fades to grey when exposed to sunlight
  • It has a high resin content which can clog up cutting blades
  • Used for veneers as well as fence posts, garden furniture and boats
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16
Q

What are the properties of Douglas fir?

A
  • It’s cheap, stable (holds its shape as it swells and shrinks) and one of the toughest woods
  • Can be difficult to treat due to its density and high resin content
  • It’s suitable for large-scale projects such as housing frameworks and cladding
17
Q

Name the most common hardwoods

A
  • Oak
  • Ash
  • Mahogany
  • Teak
  • Birch
  • Beech
18
Q

What are the properties of oak?

A
  • It’s tough, durable and hardwearing
  • It’s resistant to rot when exposed to moisture
  • It contains tannic acid which corrodes steel
  • For hundreds of years, oak was the main engineering material for shipbuilding and architecture
19
Q

What are the properties of Ash?

A
  • It’s a very springy hardwood with large open pores which gives it elastic qualities
  • This makes it shock resistant, so it’s often used in sports equipment and tool handles
20
Q

What are the properties of Mohagony?

A
  • It’s a highly-prized timber with excellent stability, workability and a beautiful grain
21
Q

What are the properties of Teak?

A
  • It’s naturally high in oils
  • Considered the best in terms of decay resistance and durability, but it’s toxic
  • It also has a high resistance to acids and alkalis
  • It’s ideal for outdoor products including furniture and boats
22
Q

What is Birch?

A
  • It’s a low-cost hardwood and has a fine grain which gives a uniform, even texture and it’s easy to work with
  • It’s one of the least resilient timbers in terms of insect attack and its resistance to rot
  • Used for plywood, boxes, paper pulp and ideal for veneers
23
Q

What are the properties of Beech?

A
  • It’s hard, tough and odourless so it is resistant to abrasion and does not affect the taste of food
  • It has a close, straight grain which makes it easy to work with
  • It’s flexible and ideal for steam-bending
24
Q

Name some of the Manufactured boards

A
  • Plywood
  • Marine plywood
  • Aeroply
  • Flexible plywood
  • Chipboard
  • MDF
25
Q

What is plywood?

A
  • It has good strength in all directions, no grain weakness
  • Uses lower-grade hardwood and softwood veneers
  • Used for floorboards and indoor furniture
26
Q

What is marine plywood?

A
  • similar construction to plywood but is patch-free and knot-free
  • A waterproof adhesive is used so it can withstand use in wet conditions
  • Used for boats
27
Q

What is Aeroply?

A
  • Plywood made from high-quality timbers such as beech
  • Available in very thin sheets, lightweight and easy to bend around a support frame
  • Used to laminate furniture
28
Q

What is flexible plywood?

A
  • An odd number of layers glued together with the two outer layers made from open-grained timber which allows the sheet to flex.
  • Used for laminated furniture and curved panels
29
Q

What is Chipboard?

A
  • Wood chips compressed with a resin
  • Often veneered or covered with polymer laminate, kitchen worktops and units, shelving etc.
30
Q

What is MDF?

A
  • It’s compressed wood fibres (sometimes with an added resin) and it has two smooth faces
  • Used for model-making or mould making and furniture items
31
Q

What are wood veneers?

A

They are thin slices of wood less than 3mm thick

A Level DT (14 decks)

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