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Compter Science - A Level > 3.1 System Analysis > Flashcards

3.1 System Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

2 categories of software

A
  • Application
  • System
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2
Q

What are the steps of software development

A
  • Analysis
  • Design
  • Implementation
  • Evaluation
  • Maintenance
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3
Q

Systems development life cycle

A
  • Analysis
  • Design
  • Implementation
  • Evaluation
  • Maintenance
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4
Q

Analysis

A
  • Gathers information about what the current system does if there is one, and what the new system needs to do
  • Analysts may interview people who will use the software, use questionnaires to get information from large groups of people, observe how the current system works, look at existing documentation
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5
Q

What are some outputs from analysis?

A
  • System spec, user requirements
  • Can define what the system will do, but not how it will do it
  • Is used to create the design and to evaluate the finished product
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6
Q

Features of the design testing

A
  • A description of the data
  • Database design
  • Input screens
  • Output screens and reports
  • How the data will be porcess
  • How the software will be tested
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7
Q

Implementation

A
  • Coding and testing the software
  • Writing user and technical documentation
  • Installing the software for the user
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8
Q

Black box testing

A
  • Carried out independently of the code used in the program.
  • It looks at the program specification and create a set of test data that covers all the inputs, outputs and program functions
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9
Q

White box testing?

A

Depends on the code logic and devised which test each path through code at least once

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10
Q

Alpha testings

A
  • Carried out by the software developer’s in-house team and by the user
  • It can reveal errors or omissions in the definition of the system requirements
  • The user may discover that the system does not do exactly what they wanted
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11
Q

Beta testing

A
  • This is used when a a commercial software is being developed
  • Software is given to a number of potential users, who agree to use the software and report any faults
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12
Q

Evaluation

A

Acceptance testing evaluates the product against the specification document

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13
Q

Give 3 different types of maintenance

A
  • Corrective
  • Adaptive
  • Perfective
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14
Q

Corrective maintenance

A

Bugs will usually be found when the software is put into action, no matter how thoroughly it was tested

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15
Q

Adaptive maintenance

A

Over time, user requirements will change and the software will have to be adapted to meet new needs

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16
Q

Perfective maintenance

A

Even if the software works well, there may be ways of making it even better - faster, easier to use, more functionality

17
Q

Waterfall model

A
  • Each stage is completed and documented before the next is begun
  • The customer doe snot see the end product until it is completed
  • Any changes the project has to be started again
18
Q

Advantages of the waterfall model

A
  • Simple to understand and use
  • Each stage is separate and self-contained with well defined outcomes and written documentation
  • This makes the project relatively straightforward to manage
  • The model works well for smaller projects where requirements are very well understood
19
Q

Disadvantages of the waterfall model

A
  • There is not much user involvement after the analysis stage, when the specification document is agreed
  • No working software is produced until late in the cycle
  • The user is presented with the finished product if it is not quite what was required, it is generally too late to make changes
20
Q

When to use the waterfall model

A
  • The requirements are very clear and fixed
  • There are no ambiguous requirements
  • The technology is well understood
  • The project is short
21
Q

4 basics steps of spiral model

A
  • Analysis
  • Design
  • Implement
  • Evaluate
22
Q

What does each successive loop do around the spiral

A

Generates a more refined prototype until the software meets all the requirements

23
Q

Advantages of the spiral model

A
  • Well-defined steps make the project easy to manage
  • Software is produced at an early stage so problems and issues can be identified early
  • The user gives feedback on each prototype and any required cjamges can be amde early in the process
  • ADded functionality can be made early in the process
  • The end result is more likely to be what the user wants
24
Q

Disadvantages of spiral model

A
  • Process of developing prototype, getting feedback and refining the prototypes is time-consuming so the finished product takes longer to develop
  • A system is more costly to develop because of the time involved
  • Not suitable for smaller projects
25
Q

When to use the spiral model

A
  • Medium to high-risk projects
  • When users are unsure of their needs and what the possibilities are
  • When the requirements are complex
  • For large projects over time
26
Q

Agile model

A
  • Software is developed in rapid incremental cuycles
  • Each version builds on previous functionality
  • Each version is thoroughly tested before release
  • Good for small time-critical projects
  • Limited planning is needed to get started
27
Q

Advantages of the agile model

A
  • Rapid, continuous delivery of useful software leads to customer satisfaction
  • Customers, developers and testers constantly interact with one another
  • Working software is delivered frequently, within weeks rather than months
  • Software is easily adapted to changing circumstances
  • Even late changes in requirements can be implemented
28
Q

Disadvantages of the agile model

A
  • There is a lack of emphasis on necessary design and documentation
  • The project can fail to deliver if the customer is not clear about the desired final outcome
  • Not suitable for novice programmers - experienced programmed capable of making good decisions are required
29
Q

When to use the agile model?

A
  • When new changes need to be implemented
  • In an expanding or developing business where users’ needs are continuously changing and developing
30
Q

Extreme programming (XP)

A
  • A software method methodology which is intended too improve software quality and responsiveness to changing customer requirements
  • A type of agile software development in which frequent “releases” of the software are made in short development cycles
31
Q

What are some of the ideas used behind RAD (Rapid Application Development)

A
  • Workshops and focus groups to gather requirements rather than a formal requirement document
  • The use of prototyping to continually refine the system in response to user involvement and feedback
  • Producing within a strict time limit each part of the system, which may not be perfect but which is good enough
  • Reusing any software components which have already been used elsewhere

Compter Science - A Level (25 decks)

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