3.1.1.3 Respiratory System Flashcards

(19 cards)

1
Q

What is partial pressure

A

The pressure exerted by an individual gas when it exists within a mixture of gases

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2
Q

What is partial pressure

A

The pressure exerted by an individual gas when it exists within a mixture of gases

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3
Q

What is the Bohr shift

A

When an increase in blood carbon dioxide and a decrease in pH results in a reduction of affinity of haemoglobin for O2

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4
Q

What are the 3 factors responsible for the Bohr shift

A

Increase in body temperature, partial pressure of CO2, and pH levels

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5
Q

What is the definition of ventilation

A

Getting air in and out of the lungs

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6
Q

What’s the pathway of air

A

Nose - pharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchus - bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli

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7
Q

What’s the definition of gaseous exchange

A

The movement of oxygen from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood into the air

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of the alveoli

A

One cell thick walls, extensive capillary supply around the alveoli, huge surface area.

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9
Q

What contracts during rest for inspiration and relaxes expiration

A

Inspiration - diaphragm and external intercostal

Expiration - diaphragm and external intercostal

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10
Q

What contracts during exercise for inspiration and relaxes for expiration

A

Inspiration - diaphragm, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, external intercostal, pectoralis minor

Expiration - internal intercostal, abdominals

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11
Q

What’s the equation for minute ventilation

A

Number of breaths per minute x tidal volume

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12
Q

What are the labels on a lung volume graph

A

Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
Vital capacity

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13
Q

What’s is inspiratory reserve volume

A

The volume of air that can forcibly be inspired after a normal breath

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14
Q

What’s is expiratory reserve volume

A

Volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath

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15
Q

What mechanical factors affect neural control

A
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16
Q

What mechanical factors affect neural control

A

Proprioceptors - provide feedback to respiratory centre
Baroreceptors - decrease in blood pressure detected which increases breathing rate
Stretch receptors - lungs stretch more to prevent over inflation

17
Q

What’s the respiratory centre diagram

A

Baroreceptorts/chemoreceptors/proprioceptors —> inspiratory centre —> respiratory centre

Stretch receptors —> expiratory centre —> respiratory centre

Respiratory centre -phrenic nerve-> diaphragm/external intercostal —> breathing rate increases

Respiratory centre -intercostal nerve-> abdominals/internal intercostal —> increase expiration

18
Q

What are cilia

A

Hair-like projections help to sweep away fluids and particles

19
Q

What are negative impacts of smoking

A

Decreased O2 utilisation
Decreased number of alveoli
Decreased O2 to muscles
Deceased aerobic performance
Alveoli’s damage
Constricts bronchioles
Carbon monoxide - binds with haemoglobin, higher affinity than oxygen