3.1.1.3 Respiratory System Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is partial pressure
The pressure exerted by an individual gas when it exists within a mixture of gases
What is partial pressure
The pressure exerted by an individual gas when it exists within a mixture of gases
What is the Bohr shift
When an increase in blood carbon dioxide and a decrease in pH results in a reduction of affinity of haemoglobin for O2
What are the 3 factors responsible for the Bohr shift
Increase in body temperature, partial pressure of CO2, and pH levels
What is the definition of ventilation
Getting air in and out of the lungs
What’s the pathway of air
Nose - pharynx - larynx - trachea - bronchus - bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli
What’s the definition of gaseous exchange
The movement of oxygen from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood into the air
What are the characteristics of the alveoli
One cell thick walls, extensive capillary supply around the alveoli, huge surface area.
What contracts during rest for inspiration and relaxes expiration
Inspiration - diaphragm and external intercostal
Expiration - diaphragm and external intercostal
What contracts during exercise for inspiration and relaxes for expiration
Inspiration - diaphragm, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, external intercostal, pectoralis minor
Expiration - internal intercostal, abdominals
What’s the equation for minute ventilation
Number of breaths per minute x tidal volume
What are the labels on a lung volume graph
Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
Vital capacity
What’s is inspiratory reserve volume
The volume of air that can forcibly be inspired after a normal breath
What’s is expiratory reserve volume
Volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath
What mechanical factors affect neural control
What mechanical factors affect neural control
Proprioceptors - provide feedback to respiratory centre
Baroreceptors - decrease in blood pressure detected which increases breathing rate
Stretch receptors - lungs stretch more to prevent over inflation
What’s the respiratory centre diagram
Baroreceptorts/chemoreceptors/proprioceptors —> inspiratory centre —> respiratory centre
Stretch receptors —> expiratory centre —> respiratory centre
Respiratory centre -phrenic nerve-> diaphragm/external intercostal —> breathing rate increases
Respiratory centre -intercostal nerve-> abdominals/internal intercostal —> increase expiration
What are cilia
Hair-like projections help to sweep away fluids and particles
What are negative impacts of smoking
Decreased O2 utilisation
Decreased number of alveoli
Decreased O2 to muscles
Deceased aerobic performance
Alveoli’s damage
Constricts bronchioles
Carbon monoxide - binds with haemoglobin, higher affinity than oxygen
