Transplantation

Question 1

What gene is responsible for the rejection/acceptance of a tissue graft?

Answer 1

the MHC gene

Question 2

what locus in the MHC gene is most important in tissue transplantation?

Answer 2

HLA-DR locus

Question 3

what lymphocyte does the killing of the graft?

Answer 3

CTL (CD8+)

Question 4

What is a Hyper acute graft rejection?

Answer 4

when you have pre-made antibodies that recruit complement leading to tissue necrosis

Question 5

What is a Acute graft rejection?

Answer 5

when CD8+ destroy the graft

Question 6

What is a Chronic graft rejection?

Answer 6

when there is both a humoral and cell-mediated response against the graft

Question 7

what is direct alloantigen recognition?

Answer 7

when T cells bind directly to a intact allogenic MHC molecule on a graft APC

Question 8

what is indirect alloantigen recognition?

Answer 8

when the MHC of the graft is taken up by host APC’s and processed into peptides

Question 9

what is Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction?

Answer 9

it is used to identify class MHC 2 antigen between the donor and the host

Question 10

what technique is used to identify the host and donors MHC 1 and 2 chromosomes?

Answer 10

HLA-Typing

Question 11

what immunosuppression drug works best for transplantation?

Answer 11

cyclosporin and FK506

Question 12

what drug for immunosuppression will work inhibiting guanine?

Answer 12

mycophenolate

Question 13

what type of graft is never rejected?

Answer 13

synergistic grafts

Question 14

when does graft rejection usually occur?

Answer 14

in 10 days

Question 15

when does a 2nd graft usually get rejected?

Answer 15

in 1 week

Question 16

will MHC 1 or MHC 2 play the most important role in accepting or rejecting a donor graft?

Answer 16

MHC 2

Question 17

How long does it take to see a hyperacute graft rejection?

Answer 17

24 hours

Question 18

how long does it take to see a acute graft rejection?

Answer 18

few days to weeks

Question 19

how long does it take to see a chronic graft rejection?

Answer 19

months to years

Question 20

what drug is used in acute rejection of organ transplant?

Answer 20

ATG (anti-thymocyte globulin)

Question 21

what is Graft vs Host disease?

Answer 21

when immunocompetent grafted lymphocytes attack

cells in an allogeneic recipient whose immune system is compromised

Question 22

what should be checked for first before a kidney graft is done?

Answer 22

ABO Blood type

Question 23

what is cross-matching?

Answer 23

placing recipient serum onto donor lymphocytes. A cytotoxic reaction suggests the presence of preformed donor-specific Antibodies

Question 24

how does the minor histocompatibility affect a graft?

Answer 24

it may cause rejection of the graft

Question 25

who is the ideal, first choice donor?

Answer 25

identical twin

Question 26

1 haplotype parent or sibling that will donate a tissue must match at what HLA level?

Answer 26

HLA-DR region

Question 27

appart from HLA-DR compatibility, what other compatibility must be taken into consideration?

Answer 27

blood type

Question 28

what does Cyclosporin A and FK506 inhibit?

Answer 28

IL-2 and T cell proliferation

Question 29

what does rapamycin do?

Answer 29

it interferes with IL-2 —- IL-2R interaction

Question 30

Cyclosporin A and FK506 are what type of inhibitor?

Answer 30

calcineurin inhibitor

Question 31

what inhibits cytokines production?

Answer 31

corticosteroids

Question 32

what is a purine analog inhibiting DNA synthesis in the division of T cells?

Answer 32

Azathioprine

Question 33

Rapamycin will block what intracellular pathway? and how?

Answer 33

will block mTOR by forming a complex with FK506 binding protein