3.1.2 Industrial And Post Industrial Britain:The Development Of Sport

Question 1

What are the key characteristics of rational recreation

Answer 1

Refined skills or skill based,tactical
Played in purpose built facilities and needs special equipment
Regionally+nationally played
Respectable
Regular participation
Codified
Referee/officials

Question 2

What are the different socio cultural factors which influenced the development of rationalised sport in the late 19th century

Answer 2

Development of transport
Emergence of urban middle classes/factory owners
Public schools
Urbanisation
Church influence
Legal acts
Increased communication

Question 3

How did the development of transport help rationalise sport

Answer 3

Particularly the development of railways helped sport as it allowed the movement of spectators/teams allowing for nationwide competition meaning national rules and national leagues were created

Question 4

How did the emergence of the urban middle class and philanthropists help develop sport

Answer 4

Many middle class were self made factory owners who had empathy for lower classes.Due to this they allowed for more leisure time and built facilities and factory teams

Question 5

Examples of factory teams

Answer 5

West Ham,Blackburn,Arsenal

Question 6

How did public schools/old boys influence the rationalisation of sport

Answer 6

Developed stricter rules and codified game,They made up the governing bodies

Question 7

How did urbanisation help the development of sport

Answer 7

High level of people in small space meant less free space,Led to dying of sports such as mob football and led to more purpose built facilities and also increases spectating and playing

Question 8

How did the church influence the development of sport

Answer 8

Set up church teams,provided facilities to play,set up organisations and kept parishioners from gambling and drinking

Question 9

What are some examples of church teams

Answer 9

Southampton,Bolton,Everton,Man city

Question 10

How did legal acts/factory acts help the development of sport

Answer 10

Changed working standards,Allowing for more leisure time so people can play/watch more.Improved health due to new public washing facilities

Question 11

What are some examples of legal acts that helped develop sport

Answer 11

1848 public health act
1880 further education act

Question 12

How did increased communication help develop sport

Answer 12

Due to increased literacy rates,People could now read about sport in newspapers.This spiked interest and awareness in the sport increasing its popularity and creating role models for others to follow in their footsteps

Question 13

How did sport develop in Britain and spread throughout the British empire

Answer 13

Teachers
Clergy
Industrialists
Officers
Diplomats
National governing boards

Question 14

How did teachers help develop sport across the empire

Answer 14

They developed teams and taught traditional sporting values in schools throughout the empire

Question 15

How did clergy help develop sport in the British empire

Answer 15

They developed church teams or became missionaries and took sport abroad

Question 16

How did industrialists help develop sport in the empire

Answer 16

Set up teams and gave workers time off to play competitive sport,also set up factory teams

Question 17

How did officers in the British army help develop sport in the empire

Answer 17

Used sport within the armed services,spreading it throughout the empire

Question 18

How did diplomats help develop sport in the empire

Answer 18

Travelled the world and took sport with them

Question 19

How did national governing boards help develop sport across empire

Answer 19

They codified rules and established leagues and competitions that eventually went international

Question 20

What are the four key differences between the gentleman amateur and the professional in the 18th and 19th century

Answer 20

Time-Amateur had more time than professional
Ethics-Amateur had high moral code whilst professional focused on winning
Number of sports-Amateur is all rounder whilst professional is focused on one sport
Status-Amateur is wealthy whilst professional is working class

Question 21

When was the FA cup established

Answer 21

1871

Question 22

When was the FA formed

Answer 22

1863

Question 23

When was the football league founded

Answer 23

1888

Question 24

What class created lawn tennis

Answer 24

The middle class

Question 25

Who patented the game of tennis

Answer 25

Major Walter Clapton Wingfield

Question 26

When was lawn tennis created

Answer 26

23rd Febuary 1874

Question 27

When was Lawn tennis first introduced at Wimbledon

Answer 27

1877

Question 28

What are the key features of lawn tennis

Answer 28

Middle-class invention Played by middle class Organised by middle class Use of specialist equipment Use of standardised rules Played by males and females Public provision

Question 29

What is the ‘open era’

Answer 29

All players can compete in all tournaments and there was an abandonment of the distinction between amateur and professional

Question 30

What did the ‘open era’ cause an establishment of

Answer 30

A professional tennis circuit and revenues from the sale of TV rights

Question 31

What is the WTA

Answer 31

The women’s tennis association,It’s a breakaway from traditional tennis competitions for women.

Question 32

Why was the WTA and it’s work significant

Answer 32

It showed women as being able to play at the top level,eventually earning millions of pounds through tournament earnings and sponsorship deals.Allowing for more role models for women

Question 33

Who are some key women role models in tennis

Answer 33

Billie Jean King (first female athlete to earn 100,000 in a single year) Chris Evert (over 1,000,000 in career earnings by mid 1970s)