3.1.2 Relationships Flashcards
(45 cards)
Relationship
R= P+I+I
Perception- How you view land
Interaction- How you act in outdoors
Impact- Effect you have on environment
Indigenous perceptions
Arrived 60-100,000 years ago Custodians of the land Part of the land Don't own it Land is their mother Live to protect it ever take more than you need Equal to the land Spiritual connection, totems
Indigenous land use
Victoria- Estimated 18,000 aboriginals lives in 38 distinct groups or tribes
Tribal lands around Melbourne
Bunurong people
Hunter gatherers- Don’t farm
Worked thirty hours week- Time/ energy efficient
Smallpox wiped most of the tribe 1790-1830
Bunurong people
Part of the tribes around bay referred Kulin Nation
Prevent interbreeding by marrying into surrounding tribes
1839- Reduce from 300-83
1850- 28
No more ‘pure’ Bunurong
Indigenous interaction
First race to a have sustainability, maintain it in better shape for next generation Most advanced race Fire stick farming Nomadic lifestyle Hunter gathering Story places Songs as road maps
Fire stick farming
Positive/ Negative
Positive 'Flush out' animals so they can be hunted Attracts animals- regrowth Manage fires Promote regeneration/ regrowth Negative Populated by tough species Destroy habitats Contributes to extinction of mega-fauna Change in Australian landscape
Hunter gathering
Aboriginals did not farm- too risky, climate variation, geological stability
Lived off what was available
Kangaroos/ fish/ emus
Possum skins clothing relied tools, weapons, skill
Story places
First 'national parks' ever created Sections of land where spirits resided Illegal to hunt in these regions according aboriginal law 'Safe zone' where animals reproduce Free to be hunted outside
Nomadic lifestyle
Bunurong were nomadic Moved location with the seasons Summer's spent beachside Winter spent further inland Areas tribal land, regenerate, weren't exhausted, available food
Wilsons Prom
Great spirit Luern lived/ protected Bunurong/ Gurnai Kurnai people in times distress
Middens found Whiskey bay, Sorrento, Portsea- evidence aboriginal hunter gathering/ nomadic lifestyle
Oral traditions
Aboriginals didn’t carry pens/ paper- impractical
Passed on stories (A-B) songs, ‘road maps’
Contemporary aboriginals relationship
European settlement- 1830s
Perception
Similar to pre
Some Bunurrongs, children’s were educated as ‘white children’
Mission to help
Introduce Christianity
Interaction
Hunter gathering/ fire stick farming restricted
Hunter gathering- livestock stolen from settlers, indigenous food sources, kangaroos shifted as result of deforestation
Nomadic lifestyle restricted due to ‘boundaries’ imposed by farmers, food in one particular area
Fire stick farming- Bunurong were diminished by disease
Impact
Increase uncontrollable fires
Over populated kangaroos
Conflict between farmers, shooting
Legal to kill if they ‘caused trouble’
Loss identity/ culture
De-aboriginalising
Removal of aboriginal people from their lands
Remove part of them/ bodies/ identity
Bunurong lady noted ‘the land is our food, our culture, our spirit and our identity’
Social problems
Quick criticize them
No comprehension of what aboriginal people go through
Some tribes live traditionally on traditional lands, Northern territory
Terra Nullius
1922
Ruled incorrect
Aboriginals DO use land correctly
Some land given back, slowly recognized as traditional owners
Evidence of aboriginals In Victoria
Shell Middens- Portsea/ Sorrento/ Cape Schank, leftovers after feasts (shells, stone flakes), forrest caves beach
Scarred trees- Box/ red gum trees, create canoes/ shields/ shelters,from Corinella paddle to Phillip Island
Mounds- Earth contains charcoal from fire, clay ovens, shell, bones
Burial sites
Burial grounds- often contain bones, teeth, important items, tools, ornaments
Spiritual/ sacred places
Quarries- Rocky outcrops, extracted materials for making axe heads, grinding stones/ other tools, Grampians
Phillip Island
“Beang Gurt”
Come to area 40,000 years ago
Came summer months- rich variety food available
Travelled bark canoe
Evidence scarred trees
Swan lake popular campsite- supply fresh water
Sea provided fish, abalone, shellfish
Shell Middens (pile empty shells), Forrest Caves beach
Native spinach
Gum/ sap from wattles/ eucalypts, banksia blossoms, dissolved in water to make sweet drinks
Seeds/ fruits Pale flax lily, coastal wattle, Coast beard-Heath provided variety in diet
Yams- important food source
Plants used medicinal purposes- bark Golden wattle
Clearing of land- first non-indigenous settlers the McHaffies, cleared Phillip island to farm animals such as sheep and cattle, provide areas for infrastructure and housing to be built
Intro native species- the McHaffies and other non-indigenous settlers which came from UK wanted Phillip island to be more like ‘home’, introduced animals such as foxes rabbits onto land
Bunurong hunted
Black swamp wallaby Possum Seals Penguins Shirt-tailed shearwater Echidna Cape Barron Geese Swans Parrots Fish Abalone Shellfish
Cape Schanck
Set aside secret men’s business
Celebrate/ recreate actions of dreaming ancestors
Rites initiation practices
Initiation was transition- boyhood to manhood
Point Nepean
Secret women’s business
The beach- where dolphins give birth, restricted to women.
Men were unable to approach- fear of injuries likely to be inflicted by strong female spirits
Knowledge of fertility and child birth
Sorrento/ Portsea
Shellfish, collected by women, extremely important part people’s diet- confirmed by number of middens in area:
Known to be 8, bayside Sorrento, 7, back beach, 6, Portsea’s back beach, 25, quarantine station
Dandenong to Cranbourne
River red gums- canoes
