Esophageal Flashcards
What is the most common esophageal congenital abnormality?
Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula
What five things are associated with Plummer-Vinson syndrome?
Esophageal web Iron deficiency anemia Glossitis Oral leukoplakia Spoon nails
What is the difference between esophageal mucosal webs and schatzki rings?
Rings are like webs but thicker and circumfrential
What is a Zenker’s diverticulum?
In upper esophageal sphincter, is an outpouch of mucosa and submucosa through weakened posterior cricopharyngeus muscle
What is achalasia?
Inability for LES to relax fully, results in aperistalsis of esophagus
What is the cause of primary achalasia?
Degeneration of ganglion cells in esophageal wall myenteric plexus
What are causes of secondary achalasia?
Chagas disease, malignancy, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis
What is the result of severe retching or vomiting and severe hematemesis?
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
What is Boerhaave syndrome?
Rupture of distal esophagus with pneumomediastinum
What are the two types of hiatal hernia?
Sliding and paraesophageal hiatal hernia
What can cause non-reflux esophagitis?
Candida, herpes, CMV (immunocompromised) Corrosive agent ingestion (lye) Pill getting stuck GVHD Crohn's
What problems often arise from Barrett’s esophagus?
Esophageal glandular dysplasia
Adenocarcinoma
What molecular marker is oftentimes increased in adenocarcinoma?
EGFR
What are common symptoms of adenocarcinoma?
Painful swallowing, hematemesis, chest pain, progressive weight loss
What can cause esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?
Alcohol/tobacco, caustic injury, achalasia, tylosis, plummer-vinson, hot beverages
