Overview of Antimicrobial Pharm Exam 1

Question 1

Atypical Organisms

Answer 1

Myoplasma, Mycobacteria, Rickettsia, Legionella, Brucella, Francisella, Chlamydia (My Mom Really Likes to Bake Fancy Cookies)

Question 2

The 6 “P”s of Resistance

Answer 2

Penetration, Porins, Pumps, Penicillinases, Pathway, Peptidoglycan/ PBP (target modification)

Question 3

MOA of beta-lactams

Answer 3

Inhibit glycopeptide transpeptidase to inhibit NAG-NAM cross-linking/transpeptidation in synthesis of cell wall

Question 4

Brand name for amoxicillin/clavulanate

Answer 4

Augmentin

Question 5

Brand name for ampicillin/sulbactam

Answer 5

Unasyn

Question 6

Brand name for pipercillin/tazobactam

Answer 6

Zosyn

Question 7

Brand name for ticarcillin/clavulanate

Answer 7

Timentin

Question 8

MOA of Cephalosporins

Answer 8

Inhibit transpeptidation step by inhibiting glycopeptide transpeptidase (similar to penicillins)

Question 9

MOA of Monobactams

Answer 9

Bind PBP’s and disrupt cell wall

Question 10

MOA of Carbapenems

Answer 10

Same as penicillins

Question 11

Aminoglycosides ADR’s

Answer 11

ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

Question 12

Which carbapenem has to be combined with cilastatin?

Answer 12

Imipenem

Question 13

Bacteria that might show rapidly inducible beta-lactamase

Answer 13

Camphylobacter, Morganella, Providencia, Serratia, Enterobacter (Cephalosporins May Prove Sub-Effacacious)

Question 14

What is an acute vaccine?

Answer 14

Slang term that refers to a substance that can turn off certain genes
Like a switch to turn the virulence on or off

Question 15

What are 3 characteristics of pseudomonas that make it hard to treat?

Answer 15

1. ) Unusual porins
2. ) Rapidly upregulates efflux pumps
3. ) Makes unusual beta-lactamase enzymes

Question 16

What is a good characteristic of Astreonam that makes it different from the other beta-lactams?

Answer 16

Renal sparing= does not have the renal toxicity that some of the others have

Question 17

What is a special characteristic of ceftriaxone?

Answer 17

Only need one dose/day; biliary sludging

Question 18

What are the 2 primary advantages of cephalosporins over penicillins?

Answer 18

1. ) intrinsically more resistant to beta-lactamases

2. ) has 2 R sites