Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Pharm 3 Lecture > Flashcards

Pharm 3 Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 components of the PNS?

A

Efferent Division

Afferent Division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 2 components of the Efferent Division?

A

Autonomic System

Somatic System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 components of the Autonomic System?

A

Enteric
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Afferent Nerves

A

Carry sensory information form parts of the body to the brain for processing; reflex signaling arcs such as carotid bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Efferent Nerves

A

Carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord; also known as motor nerves
“Exits brain”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Involuntary or automatic response of the PNS. Regulates the cardiopulmonary and digestive systems; divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic

Use feedback arcs, works with endocrine system; ANS uses electrical impulses and neurotransmitters; Endocrine uses hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Controls skeletal muscles during voluntary movement and is under conscious control

One junction system; stimulus via single nerve axon to synapse (NMJ); neurotransmitter pass signal to brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the neurotransmitter substance found in the somatic system?

A

Ach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ganglia

A

clusters of nerve cell bodies lying outside the CNS; journeys from the brain to the first junction or synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the neuroeffector transmitters for sympathetic and parasympathetic branches?

A

Parasympathetic- ACh

Sympathetic- NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Carotid Bodies Reflex Arc

A

Detects pressure changes, relaying that information to the brain to maintain homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 Parts of ENS

A 
Myenteric Plexus (Plexus of Auerbach)
Submucous Plexus (Plexus of Meissner)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Enteric Nervous System

A

Semiautonomous part of ANS in the GI tract; send sensory input to parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system and receives motor output from them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are sweat glands controlled by?

A

Sympathetic; neuroeffector transmitter is ACh (doesn’t follow trend)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is SNS or PNS more focused?

A

Normally work in opposition of each other; but SNS is much broader and PNS is much more narrowly focused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is blood pressure controlled?

A

Almost exclusively by SNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cholinergic

A

release ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which neurons are cholinergic?

A

All preganglionic neurons
Parasympathetic postganglionic
Somatic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Adrenergic

A

release NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What neurotransmitters help modulate synaptic transmission?

A

ATP, vasoactive intestinal peptide, enkephalins, neurotensin, somatostatin, neuropeptide Y, substance P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cholinergic Neuron Receptor Types

A

Nicotinic

Muscarinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Adrenergic Neuron Receptor Types

A

Alpha adrenergic
Beta adrenergic
Dopaminergic adrenergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the most primitive parts of the brain?

A

Medulla Oblongata

Midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the #1 cardiovascular variable your body seeks to auto-regulate?

A

Mean Arterial Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is IV norepinephrine called?

A

Noradrenaline

26
Q

Chronotrope

A

heart rate

27
Q

Ionotrope

A

contractility

28
Q

Baroreceptors

A

detect MAP, located in aortic arch and carotid sinus

29
Q

Net Effect of Levophed

A

Increase SVR
Decrease HR
even though the drug has direct positive chronotropic effects

30
Q

Parasympathetic Response (Vasomotor Center)

A

Increase Peripheral vascular resistance

Decrease heart rate

31
Q

Sympathetic Response (vasomotor center)

A

Increase heart rate
increase contractile force
increase venous tone

32
Q

Autoreceptor

A

presynaptic neuron is inhibited by the chemical it produces (such as norepinephrine)

33
Q

Heteroreceptor

A

presynpatic neuron is inhibited by chemicals that are released by neurons with which it has a synapse (and which that presynaptic neuron doesn’t produce)

34
Q

Presynaptic Autonomic Feedback

A

Autoreceptors; heteroreceptors

35
Q

Postsynaptic Autonomic Feedback

A

Up-regulation and down-regulation at the receptor level in response to previous neuronal activity; modulation of the primary transmitter-receptor event by events evoked by the same or other transmitters acting on different postsynaptic receptors

36
Q

Where are muscarinic receptors located?

A

Effector Postsynaptic cells of the PNS

37
Q

Parasympathomimetic

A

muscarinic activation; mimics the effects of the PNS

38
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors located?

A

NMJ and at the ganglia of the ANS; not specific for the PNS

39
Q

Six Steps of Cholinergic Neuotransmission

A
  1. Synthesis of Acetylcholine
  2. Uptake into storage vesicles
  3. Release of neurotransmitter
  4. Binding to the receptor
  5. Degradation of Ach
  6. Recycling of choline
40
Q

What inhibits transport of choline?

A

Hemicholinium

41
Q

What blocks the release of Ach?

A

Blocked by botulinum toxin

42
Q

What does spider venom cause?

A

Release of Ach

43
Q

How is choline transported into the cholinergic neuron?

A

It has to be transported actively; has a strong positive charge that makes it unable to diffuse through the membranes

44
Q

What is the rate limiting step in the synthesis of ACh?

A

Uptake of Choline

45
Q

Varicosities

A

vesicles that look like beads on the presynaptic nerve terminal; contain ATP, ACh, as well as other co-transmitters that also act as signal regulators

46
Q

How to get rid of ACh?

A

ACh is very rapidly hydrolized via acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft.

47
Q

How is choline recycled?

A

Sodium-coupled reaction allows choline to re-penetrate the presynaptic cell membrane

48
Q

Most ____________ agonists have some ________action.

A

Muscarinic; nicotinic

49
Q

All ___________ agonists have some ___________ action.

A

nicotinic; muscarinic

50
Q

Most useful pharmaceutical applications are those utilizing ___________ agonists.

A

Muscarinic

51
Q

Primary Nicotinic Agonists

A

Direct acting
Arencline tartrate and Nicotine
Carbachol (also used for its muscarinic effects)

52
Q

Primary Muscarinic Agonists

A

Direct acting
Bethanechol
Cevimeline (dry mouth)
Pilocarpine (glaucoma)

53
Q

Indirect-Acting Reversible Cholinergic Agonists

A

Reversibly bind to AChE; prevents it from breaking down ACh

Ex. Edrophonium: Tensilon testing for diagnosis of myastenia gravis; attacks ACh receptors cause less receptors

54
Q

Edrophonium

A

Tensilon testing for diagnosis of myastenia gravis

55
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

block acetylcholine receptors at the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction,inhibiting the excitatory effects of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine on nicotinic receptors at neuromuscular junctions.

56
Q

Tx for Myastenia Gravis

A

Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, and Ambenonium (alone with immune suppressants)

57
Q

Tx for Glaucoma

A

Physostigmine and Demecarium; opens the drainage angle

58
Q

Indirect Acting Irreversible Cholinergic Agonists

A

Echotiophate: topical organophosphate used for tx of glaucoma

59
Q

What do organophosphates cause?

A 
Excess salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Vomiting, defacation, GI cramps
unable to breathe
loss of muscular control
death
60
Q

What can help reduce some of the effects of organophosphates?

A

Atropine

Pharmacology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions