45.1 Multiple Effects of Hormones

Question 1

epinephrine multiple responses to hormone

Answer 1

1) liver cell
- glycogen break down and release
2) skeletal muscle
- vessel dilates -inactivates an enzymes
3) intestines
- smooth muscle contraction -restricted blood flow

Question 2

how do affects vary

Answer 2

• location
• type of target cell
• species difference

Question 3

local regulators

Answer 3

act on target cell quickly

• cytokines: polypeptide local regulator - immune responses
• Growth Factors: stimulate cell proliferation/differentiation

Question 4

Nitric oxide (NO)

Answer 4

local regulator/ neurotransmitter

• released when O2 levels fall
• activates enzyme that relaxes nearby smooth muscle making vasodilation (more blood flow to tissues)
• blood flow to the male part

Question 5

prostaglandins

Answer 5

modified fatty acids

• in semen
• when it reaches reproductive tract in female, it causes uterine wall to contract and let sperm get to egg easier
• in the immune system, promote fever, inflammation, and pain

aspirin stops inflammation and pain
by inhibiting prostaglandin production