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Biology Mine > 3.1.4 Proteins > Flashcards

3.1.4 Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

Polypeptide’s fold where

A

The SER due to acidic conditions

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2
Q

What is the diffrence between prokaryote and eukaryote dna

A

Pro is circular while eu is linear and involves histones

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3
Q

What is junk dna called

A

Intron

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4
Q

What does intron parts of the dna useful for

A

Gene expression
Maintaining chromosome stabablility
Evolutionary conservation

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5
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes does a human have

A

23 chromosome pairs

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6
Q

How does circular dna condense

A

It coiles its self

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7
Q

Feature : eukaryotic cell vs prokaryotic cell

Location

Length

Shape

Histones

A

Eukaryote
Location : in the nucleus’s
Length : long / longer
Shape : linear
Histones ; yes ( associated with proteins)

Prokaryotic :
Location : cytoplasm
Length : shorter than DNA
Shape : circular
Histones : no ( not associated with proteins )

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8
Q

How does the dna in mitochondria and chloroplasts resemble prokaryotic DNA

A

As it is circular , shorter than the dna in a nucleus , not in nucleus and also does not associate with protein’s

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9
Q

What is a gene

A

A section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a protein

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10
Q

What is an allele

A

A different variation of a gene

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11
Q

What is a locus

A

The position of a gene in a singular chromosome

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12
Q

What does homologous pair of chromosomes mean

A

Contains same genetic information

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13
Q

What nitrogenous bases are there

A

Purines :

Adenine
Guanine

Pyrimidines:

Thymine
Cytosine
Uracil

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14
Q

What determines the shape and size of a protein

A

The primary structure

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15
Q

Why is genetic code known as triplet code

A

Because it has enough code variety to accommodate all amino acids

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16
Q

What is another way of saying triplet

A

Codon

17
Q

What does each codon code for

A

An amino acid

18
Q

What are the three stop codons

A

UAA , UAG , UGA

19
Q

What does degenerate

A

Means that more than one codon codes for one animo acid

20
Q

What is the start codon code

A

AUG

21
Q

A sequence of DNA is refers to as

A

Universal
Degenerate
Non-overlapping- read in codons

22
Q

What are coding regions and non coding regions called

A

Exon - coding region of DNA
Intron - non coding regions of dna

23
Q

What does non-overlapping mean

A

Codes in codons , reads in triplet

24
Q

Blurb about mRNA

A

Does not contain hydrogen bonds
Single stranded
Non overlapping
No introns

25
Q

Blurb about tRNA

A

Contains hydrogen bonds

26
Q

How does transcription work

A

Transcription factors bind to dna promotor , Prys strands apart
One strand acts as the template strand or antisense strand
While the other acts as non template strand or sense strand
RNA polymerase does not need a primer it simple initiates mRNA
3 to 5 and synthases mRNA
One reaches end termination occurs , mRNA detaches

27
Q

What is the structure of a ribosome

A

Acceptor site
Polypeptide site
Exit site
Large sub unit
Small sub unit

28
Q

State 3 sim and 4 differences between dna replication and transcription

A

Sim
Both have hydrogen bonds
Both use helicase
Form phosphodiester bonds
Both use a type of polymerase

Differences :

Uses uricile
mRNA single strand DNA double strand
Deoxyribose , ribose
mRNA does not have introns
mRNA has one gene

29
Q

What are the functions of dna and rna

A

DNA :
Store of genetic information and the code to make proteins

RNA
Synthesis of proteins

30
Q

What organelle is used to modify proteins need be

A

Golgi body

31
Q

Describe splicing

A

Spliceasome splices pre-mRNa

32
Q

What is the main part of tRNA

A

The attachment site / anticodon
Enzymes catalyses formation of peptide bond using atp

Biology Mine (23 decks)

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