12-15 Limbic System Flashcards
B: 3 Nuclei:
1. Medial = _________
- Central = connects TO _____ for _____ responses and is somewhat considered a “_____” station
- BasoLateral = is the _____[smallest/Largest] nc. and contains _____ neurons that receives signals FROM _____ _____ and _____ _____.
C: How does Emotional Experiences manifest as actual expression?
B: 3 Nuclei:
1. Medial = small nc. connected to Olfactory system
- Central = connects to Hypothalamus for emotional responses and is somewhat a “relay” station
- BasoLateral = is the LARGEST and contains pyramidal neurons and receives signals FROM Sensory cortex and Sensory Thalamus.
C: [BasoLateral nc. —-> Central nc.] allows Emotional Experiences to manifest as expression
What type of information does each of the Amygdala nuclei receive?
Olfactory—–> Medial
MOST info – (from thalamus and unimodal visual/auditory association areas)—-> BasoLateral
Visceral sensory info—-> Central
A: Fibers LEAVE amygdala through [_____ _____] and travel to the _____, _____, _____ and DIRECTLY TO _____ _____ .
B: _____ is important for remembering an event occurred But
_____ is important for remembering whether event was “good/bad” and triggering appropriate responses to the NEXT similar event.
The _____ forms “Conditioned Fear responses”
A: Fibers LEAVE amygdala through [Stria terminalis] and travel to Hypothalamus, [Thalamus>Dorsomedial nc.], Hippocampus and DIRECTLY TO TEMPORAL LOBE.
B: Hippocampus is important for remembering an event occurred But
AMYDALA is important for remembering whether event was “good/bad” and triggering appropriate responses to the NEXT similar event.
The AMYGDALA forms “Conditioned Fear responses”
A: Bilateral lesions to the AMYGDALA housed in the Tips of the _______ LOBES causes what Dz?
B: Name the 5 common sx
C: What Surgical intervention was the Dz previously caused by?
A: Bilateral lesions to the Amygdala housed in the Tips of the TEMPORAL LOBES
——-> [Kluver-Bucy syndrome]
B:
1-Docility (abnormally calm)
2- Hyperphagia (eating inappropriate things or overeating)
3- Hyperorality (putting things in ur mouth)
4- Hypersexuality
5- Visual Agnosia (doesn’t recognize objects/people)
C: Was previously caused by MD attempting to stop seizures in Temporal lobes….and severed the tips
A: EFFERENTS from the Amygdala going to Thalamus usually terminates in the ______ nucleus of Thalamus
B: What is the Amygdala important for doing?
A: Efferents from the amygdala —-> Thalamus usually terminates in the DORSOMEDIAL nc. of Thalamus
B: Amygdala is important for MARKING EMOTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE IN A SITUATION OR EVENT
ex. our emotional response to an event may affect it as being a declarative memory
A: Hippocampus is folded into the ______ lobe and made up of [______ ______] and [______ ______] which interlock together in a __-shape using a _________
B: ANT part of [______] AKA{______ ______} is the major connecting point between it and [Association cortex]. This allows hippocampus to play a role in ______ MEMORY.
C: Bilateral damage to hippocampus or associated ______ areas —-> ______ Amnesia
D: Describe the Amnesia caused by Bilateral damage to Hippocampus
E: Long-term memories live ______[inside/Outside] the hippocampus
F: ANT part of [Hippocampus] is AKA [______ ______]
A: Hippocampus is folded into the temporal lobe and made up of [Dentate Gyrus] and [Hippocampus proper] which interlock together in a C-shape using a [subiculum transition zone].
B: ANT part of [Hippocampus] {Entorhinal Cortex} is the major connecting point between it and [Association cortex]. This allows hippocampus to play a role in DECLARATIVE MEMORY.
C: Bilateral damage to hippocampus or associated diencephalic areas —->Anterograde Amnesia
D: Anterograde Amnesia = NEW memories and events CAN NOT be formed
E: Long-term memories mostly live OUTSIDE the hippocampus
F: ANT part of [Hippocampus] = Entorhinal Cortex
3 Pathway AFFERENTS traveling TO Hippocampus:
- [ Unimodal/Multimodal association areas]——-> [______ ______] —-> ______ of Hippocampus —> [______ ______]
- [Cholinergic Septal Nuclei]—-(travels ______ but still DIRECTLY)—-> ______——> ______
- ______ —(travels DIRECTLY)—-> Hippocampus
Pathway for Affarents of the Hippocampus:
- [ Unimodal/Multimodal association areas]——-> [Hippocampus Entorhinal] —->Dentate of Hippocampus —> [Hippocampus proper]
- [Cholinergic Septal Nuclei]—-(travels backward but DIRECTLY)—->Fornix——> Hippocampus
- Amygdala —(travels DIRECTLY)—-> Hippocampus
Pathway for EFFERENTS of Hippocampus
- [Hippocampus]—>Fornix—–> ______ ______—-> [______ nucleus of ______]—-> ______ Gyrus—-(back to)—–> ______ ______
- [Hippocampus] —->[Hippocampus ______] —->
[ Unimodal/Multimodal association areas] - MAJORITY of fibers in the Fornix System connect the ______ to the ______
Pathway for EFFERENTS of Hippocampus
- [Hippocampus]—>Fornix—–>Mammillary Body—-> ANT nc. of thalamus—->Cingulate Gyrus—-(back to)—–>[Hippocampus Entorhinal]
- [Hippocampus] —->[Hippocampus Entorhinal] —->
[ Unimodal/Multimodal association areas] - MAJORITY of fibers in the Fornix System connect the HIPPOCAMPUS to the HYPOTHALAMUS
A: Hippocampus damage/degeneration is highly linked to ______ Dz. This will cause ______[Anterorade/retrograde] amnesia . The function of ______ memories is attributed to ______. Where are most memories stored?
B: What item is the Hippocampus compared to and why?
C: 3 Causes of Hippocampus damage
D: Hippocampus Damage will likely lead to Loss in ______[Long/Short] Term Memory!
A: Hippocampus damage/degeneration is highly linked to Alzheimer’s Dz. This will cause Anterograde amnesia . The function of Consolidating memories (so you can recall them for later use) is attributed to Hippocampus. Memories themselves are stored Elsewhere!
B: Like an index because it keeps track of where all pieces of memory are stored
C: Causes of Hippocampus damage
- Hypoxia
- Encephalitis
- medial Temporal lobe epilepsy
D: Hippocampus Damage will likely lead to Loss in SHORT Term Memory!
A: [Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome] is a ______ brain disorder caused by lack of ______] due to ______ abuse. This often affects ______ & its targets
C: What is the difference between Wernicke’s encephalopathy vs. Korsakoff’s Amnesic Syndrome
A: [Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome] is a degenerative brain disorder caused by lack of [Vitamin B1 Thiamine] due to EtOH abuse. This often affects Hippocampus & its targets
C: Wernicke’s encephalopathy = “acute” phase of disorder
D: Korsakoff’s Amnesic Syndrome = “Chronic” phase
—->Confabulation(making up random things)
