unit 7

Question 1

electromagnetic radiation

Answer 1

light

Question 2

Planck’s constant

Answer 2

allows us to relate energy and frequency; represented by “h”

Question 3

rods & cones

Answer 3

colles in the eye which detect light

Question 4

spectrometer

Answer 4

scientific instrument that can analyze the light in a star and determine all of the individual wavelengths that make it up-determining its elemental composition. Method known as spectroscopy. Can also be applied to chemicals

Question 5

quantum assumption

Answer 5

electrons can jump orbit but can not be anywhere in between

Question 6

excited

Answer 6

when an electron moves from an orbit close to the nucleus to an orbit far away from the nucleus – opposite “de-excited”

Question 7

wavelength

Answer 7

the distance between the crests or troughs of a wave

Question 8

amplitude

Answer 8

a measure of the height of the crests or the depths of the troughs of a wave

Question 9

physical constant

Answer 9

a measurable quantity in nature that does not change

Question 10

frequency

Answer 10

the number of wave crests or troughs that pass a given point each second

Question 11

When wavelength is — frequency is small

Answer 11

large

Question 12

When wavelength is small frequency is

Answer 12

large

Question 13

as a light waves frequency increases, its energy

Answer 13

increases

Question 14

As a light waves wavelength increases its energy

Answer 14

decreases

Question 15

crookes tube

Answer 15

glass tube with a tiny amount of gas, hooked up to a battery, resulting in a faint yellow-grebe glow on the end of the tube. sometimes referred to as a cathode ray tube

Question 16

Every substance on earth has

Answer 16

electrical charges

Question 17

electron

Answer 17

negative element of atom that has common ration of charge to mass

Question 18

proton

Answer 18

positively charged

Question 19

nutron

Answer 19

neutral

Question 20

Atomic number

Answer 20

to number on each box in the periodic table; tells how many protons

Question 21

all atoms have equal numbers of

Answer 21

electrons and protons

Question 22

isotopes

Answer 22

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 23

isotopes behave identically in their chemistry; the main difference between them is

Answer 23

their mass

Question 24

Mass number

Answer 24

the total number of neutrons and protons in an atom

Question 25

isotopic enrichment

Answer 25

the process of artificially increasing the amount of 235U in the Uranium (when making a nuclear bomb)

Question 26

Rutherford model

Answer 26

planetary model

Question 27

particle/wave duality theory

Answer 27

the theory that light sometimes behaves as a particle and sometimes as a wave

Question 28

quantum mechanical model

Answer 28

says that, in addition to the bohr model, electrons need energy to go into orbits that are far away from the nucleus and need to release energy in the form of light in order to get back to orbits close to the nucleus

Question 29

orbitals

Answer 29

the ‘clouds’ in which electrons orbit, according to the quantum mechanical model

Question 30

s orbital

Answer 30

simplest type of orbital; spherically shaped

Question 31

p orbital

Answer 31

dumbbell-shaped orbital with nucleus in the center; no first energy level/1p; for each energy level there are 3 different orientations in space

Question 32

All forms of matter try to

Answer 32

stay in their lowest possible energy state

Question 33

ground state

Answer 33

lowest possible energy state for a given substance