Vocabulary I

Question 1

argument ad agnorantiam

Answer 1

argument from ignorance

Question 2

authority

Answer 2

an individual or group considered to have valid knowledge and/or legitimate power

Question 3

coherence

Answer 3

connection by some common idea

Question 4

common sense

Answer 4

that which seems sensible (rational, correct)

Question 5

confirmation bias

Answer 5

the tendency to use, notice or search for only the evidence that supports an already existing belief

Question 6

context

Answer 6

the sum total of meanings

Question 7

certainty

Answer 7

the feeling of assurance

Question 8

conventions

Answer 8

standard acceptance

Question 9

culture

Answer 9

patterns of human activity

Question 10

empiricism

Answer 10

the view that all ideas are abstractions formed by compounding (combining, recombining) what is experienced (observed, immediately given in sensation); experience is the sole source of all knowledge

Question 11

evidence

Answer 11

proof

Question 12

expert opinion

Answer 12

a witness, who by virtue of education, training, skill, or experience, is believed to have knowledge in a particular subject beyond that of the average person

Question 13

figure and ground

Answer 13

black and white regions; Rubin design

Question 14

gullibility

Answer 14

readily believing information

Question 15

indoctrination

Answer 15

is the process of inculcating ideas, attitudes, cognitive strategies or a professional methodology

Question 16

judgment

Answer 16

identifying, comparing, discriminating, and evaluating whereby values and/or knowledge are asserted or interpreted

Question 17

justified true belief

Answer 17

also known as the The Gettier problem; considered a problem in modern epistemology or first-order logic

Question 18

mental map

Answer 18

a person’s personal point-of-view perception of their own world

Question 19

new media

Answer 19

section of the mass media that focuses on presenting current news to the public

Question 20

open-mindedness

Answer 20

the ability or faculty of being able to bring beliefs into question and test them against new ideas that may very well contradict existing beliefs and judge them based on their merit

Question 21

paradox of cartography

Answer 21

if a map is to be useful then it must by necessity be imperfect

Question 22

phenomenalism

Answer 22

only phenomena (sense data) can be known as they appear to our consciousness

Question 23

principle of sufficient reason

Answer 23

all things (objects, events, changes, causes) are (a) related to each other in a necessary relationship (by necessity)

Question 24

radical doubt

Answer 24

complete skepticism

Question 25

reasonable knowledge

Answer 25

knowledge that has been obtained through the use of reason

Question 26

scientific realism

Answer 26

science is the only method for obtaining knowledge

Question 27

visual agnosia

Answer 27

is the inability of the brain to make sense of or make use of some part of otherwise normal visual stimulus and is typified by the inability to recognize familiar objects or faces

Question 28

eight ways of knowing

Answer 28

language, sense perception, reason, memory, imagination, intuition, faith, and emotion (SRIM LIFE)

Question 29

first four ways of knowing

Answer 29

sense perception, language, emotion, reason (LERS)