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Science > Midterm Exam > Flashcards

Midterm Exam Flashcards

0
Q

Identify 6 examples of physical properties

A

Color, state, shape, smell, texture, density

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1
Q

Use the following terms in the same sentence: Volume and Meniscus

A

Volume can be found by observing a meniscus

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2
Q

Lost 6 physical changes that matter can go through

A

Crushing, cutting, melting, freezing, boiling, sublimation

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3
Q

Write a definition for the following terms: Chemical property and Chemical Change

A

A chemical property measures reactivity with other substances.
A chemical change reacts with another substance to form a new substance/compound

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4
Q

The Statue of Liberty was originally an copper color. After being exposed to the air, she turned a greenish blue color. What kind of change happened and why?

A

A chemical change, because the copper reacted with the air to form green/blue rust

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5
Q

Explain how to tell the difference between a chemical and physical property

A

A physical property doesn’t measure how a substance reacts chemically, but a chemical property does

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6
Q

Use each of the following terms in a separate sentence: Physical property, chemical property, physical change, and chemical change

A

An example of a physical property is color. An example of a chemical property is ability to react with O2 to form rust. An example of physical change is a change of state. An example of a chemical change is a paper clip rusting

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7
Q

Explain how the terms differ- Volume and density

A

Volume is the amount of space objects take up, density is the amount of matter in an object.

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8
Q

Explain how the process of measuring the volume of a liquid differs from the process of measuring the volume of a solid

A

You use a graduated cylinder whole solids typically use the water displacement method with a graduated cylinder and a (optional) calculator

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9
Q

What’s the formula for density?

A

D=mass/volume

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10
Q

List 3 characteristic properties of matter

A

Temperature, pressure, and volume

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11
Q

Describe the difference between mass and weight

A

Weight is the measure of the force of gravity, mass is the amount of matter

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12
Q

Use the following terms in a separate sentence- viscosity and surface tension

A

Viscosity is the rate at which a liquid flows. Surface tension is keeps liquid from covering a larger a surface area

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13
Q

Describe solids, liquids and gases in terms of shape and volume

A

Solids have a fixed shape and volume. Liquids have a fixed volume but not shape. Gases don’t have a fixed volume or shape

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14
Q

Describe how the motion and arrangement of particles in a substance change as the substance freezes.

A

The motions slows and particles start to only vibrate in place. They become more tightly packed.

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15
Q

Explain what happens to the temperature of an ice-cube as it melts

A

The motion speeds up/it gets warmer. Particles become looser and began to slide past each other

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16
Q

Explain how the meaning of the terms differs- Boyle’s law and Charles’s law

A

Boyle’s law- Under constant temperature, pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related
Charles’s law- Under constant pressure, temperature and volume are directly proportional

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17
Q

Explain how the meanings of the terms differ- evaporation and boiling

A

Both turn liquids into gases but evaporation only affects the surface

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18
Q

Explain how the meanings of the terms differ- condensation and sublimation

A

Condensation is gas to liquid, sublimation is solid to gas

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19
Q

Rank solids, liquids, and gases in order of particle speed from highest to lowest

A

Gases are fastest, liquids in the middle, solids are the slowest

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20
Q

Use each of the following terms in the same sentence- temperature, pressure, volume, and Charles’s law

A

Charles’s law states that when pressure is constant, volume and temperature are directly proportional

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21
Q

What are the effects of a warm temperature on gas particles?

A

The particles move even faster and they expand

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22
Q

Definition of compound (in your own words)

A

A substance made up of 2 or more smaller chemically combined substances

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23
Q

What type of change is needed to break up a compound?

A

A chemical change/ decomposition

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24
Q

What is composed of substances that are spread evenly among each other?

A

Solution

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25
Q

A measure of the amount of split is called what?

A

Concentration

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26
Q

A what contains particles that will settle out if the mixture is left sitting still

A

Suspension

27
Q

List 3 ways for something to dissolve faster

A

Mixing, heating, crushing

28
Q

A _______ has a definite ratio of components

A

Compound

29
Q

The ability of one substance to dissolve in another substance is called the _____ of the solute

A

Solubility

30
Q

A _______ can be separated by filtration

A

Suspension

31
Q

A _______ is a pure substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

A

Element

32
Q

A ______ is an element that is brittle and dull

A

Nonmental

33
Q

The _______ is the substance that dissolves to form a solution

A

Solute

34
Q

How are elements, compounds, and mixtures different?

A

Compounds are made up of 2 or more elements combined chemically and mixtures aren’t. Elements make up mixtures and compounds

35
Q

Use the following terms in the same sentence, element and pure substance

A

An element is a pure substance

36
Q

A what is a particle with a negative electric charge

A

electron

37
Q

The what is where most of an atoms mass is located

A

Nucleus

38
Q

Which experiment demonstrated that atoms are mostly empty space?

A

Rutherfords gold foil experiment

39
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An atom with the same amount of protons as other atoms of the same element, but with a different number of neutrons

40
Q

An atoms _____ is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus

A

Atomic number

41
Q

An atoms ________ is equal to the weighted average of the masses of l the naturally occurring isotopes of that element

A

Atomic mass

42
Q

All matter is made up of what?

A

Atoms

43
Q

All atoms of the same element contain the same number of what?

A

Protons

44
Q

What has no electrical charge?

A

Neutrons

45
Q

The what of an element is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

A

Mass number

46
Q

The what of an element is an average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element

A

Atomic mass

47
Q

State the periodic law

A

Repeating chemical and physical properties change periodically with the atomic number of the element

48
Q

An atom of a ________ has a full set of electrons of its outermost energy level

A

Noble gas

49
Q

An atom of a _____ has one electron in its outermost energy level

A

Alkali metal

50
Q

An atom of a _____ tends to gain 1 electron when it combines with another atom

A

Halogen

51
Q

An atom of a ______ tends to lose 2 electrons when it combines with another atom

A

Alkaline earth metal

52
Q

What are 2 properties of alkali metals?

A

Most reactive, all elements are solid except for hydrogen

53
Q

What property did Medelevee use to position elements on his periodic table?

A

Atomic mass

54
Q

Elements that are unreactive are called what?

A

Noble gases

55
Q

Define molecule

A

The smallest unit of something that keeps all its properties

56
Q

Describe chemical bonding

A

The combining of atoms to form molecules or ionic bonds

57
Q

Explain how to use valence electrons in an atom to predict if the atom will form bonds

A

The fewer valence electrons the more reactive

58
Q

Name 4 ways you can change the rate of a chemical reaction

A

Concentration, surface area, inhibitors, and catalysts

59
Q

Name 4 clues that a chemical reaction is happening

A

Gas formation, solid formation, energy or color change

60
Q

List 2 physical properties of covalent compounds

A

Low solubility; low melting points

61
Q

List 2 functions of proteins

A

Regulate chemical activities. Provide structural support. Transport materials and store them

62
Q

What’s the difference between a carbohydrate and a lipid?

A

A carb is a energy giving nutrient. A lipid is a biochemical that doesn’t dissolve in water

63
Q

What’s the difference between a protein and a Nucleic acid?

A

A protein is a molecule made up of amino acids and a Nucleic acid is a molecule made up of nucleotides

64
Q

What kinds of ions are formed when an acid is dissolved in what’re and a base is dissolved in water?

A

H+ is created when the acid is dissolved and OH- is created when the base dissolved

65
Q

Compare the electrons in Bohrs theory vs the location of electrons in the current theory

A

Bohrs theory included electrons jumping from one level to another, unlike the modern model which contains an electron cloud

66
Q

How can an element that has 5 valence electrons achieve a full set of electrons

A

If it bonds with an element in group 13

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