Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology > Body Systems > Flashcards

Body Systems Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards
0
Q

What is the pigment that gives hair and skin its color?

A

Melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are the three layers of the skin in order?

A

Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which layer provides the epidermis with all of it’s nutrients?

A

The dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do the sweat glands excrete?

A

Sweat, oil, heat, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do Sebaceous glands in the skin produce?

A

Sebum which waterproofs the skin and hair.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Largest organ in body?

A

Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What’s the worst classification of a burn?

A

3rd Degree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Epidermis is made of what

A

Keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Regulates body temperature - capillaries dilate, blood flow increases & body heat is lost by radiation; works in reverse when cold; evaporation due to sweat. Serves as protective layer and sense organ

A

Major function of skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What cells are the epidermis made of?

A

Dead & Living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s the outermost layer of skin?

A

Epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A burn that involves the entire epidermis and some of the dermis is a?

A

2nd Degree Burns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three types of muscle? And which are striated muscles?

A

Cardiac, Smooth, and Skeletal. Striated looks like they are striped so cardiac,and skeletal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the difference between the Axial and Appendicular Skeleton? What are the major parts of each?

A

Axial skeleton – the skull and
bones that support–Vertebral column, ribs & sternum
Appendicular skeleton – bones of the arms & legs & structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What proteins help with muscle contraction?

A

Actin & Myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the Sliding Filament Theory?

A

The sliding filament theory is the explanation for how muscles produce force (or, usually, shorten). It explains that the thick and thin filaments within the sarcomere slide past one another, shortening the entire length of the sarcomere.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the types of joints? What joint gives the greatest range of motion?

A

Ball & Socket, Hinge, Gliding, Pivot, Fixed.

Ball & Socket allows greatest range of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does muscle fatigue do to your muscles

A

Strips them of there oxygen supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the relationship between muscles and the skeleton?

A

Movement. It provides a mechanism for moving the skeletal system
Helps protect and support skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what do tendons attach to?

A

Attaches muscle to bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

why does Latic acid form?

A

Muscles soreness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what do our bones start out as?

A

Cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which protein makes up thick filaments

A

Myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which proteins make up thin filament

A

Actin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which muscles are voluntary? Which are involuntary

A 
Skeletal = Voluntary 
Smooth= Involuntary 
Cardiac= Involuntary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are tendons?

A

A fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the two main functions of the skeletal system?

A

Movement & support body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where does the blood enter the heart from the body?

A

Right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What clots blood

A

Platelet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Functions of spleen

A

The spleen plays multiple supporting roles in the body. It acts as a filter for blood as part of the immune system. Old red blood cells are recycled in the spleen, and platelets and white blood cells are stored there. The spleen also helps fight certain kinds of bacteria that cause pneumonia and meningitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Functions of lymphatic system

A

Send white blood cells throughout body, transport lymph, and filters blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the myocardium

A

The muscular tissue of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Functions of Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

the pressure of the blood in the circulatory system, often measured for diagnosis since it is closely related to the force and rate of the heartbeat and the diameter and elasticity of the arterial walls.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the two main body systems that interact with the lymphatic system?

A

Immune and Circulatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Functions of valves

A

Open and close as the heart contracts letting blood flow into ventricals and atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What plays the biggest part in the circulatory system

A

Heart and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What components is your blood made out of?

A

Plasma, platelets, white blood cells, and red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the difference between diastolic and systolic?

A

The top number is the maximum pressure your heart exerts while beating (systolic pressure), and the bottom number is the amount of pressure in your arteries between beats (diastolic pressure).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are lymphatic capillaries

A

Lymph capillaries or lymphatic capillaries are tiny, thin-walled vessels located in the spaces between cells (except in the central nervous system and non-vascular tissues) which serve to drain and process extra-cellular fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is lymph?

A

a colorless fluid containing white blood cells, that bathes the tissues and drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What occurs when someone has heart disease?

A

The heart can’t pump enough blood to fill the body’s needs.

42
Q

What happens when the diaphragm contracts

A

You inhale and your lungs open up

43
Q

Where does oxygen enter the blood stream?

A

Diffusion of the alveoli.

44
Q

Where does the trachea lead?

A

Bronchi

45
Q

Why is your left lung smaller?

A

The right holds 2/3 of the heart

46
Q

Functions of epiglottis

A

The epiglottis is a flexible flap at the superior end of the larynx in the throat. It acts as a switch between the larynx and the esophagus to permit air to enter the airway to the lungs and food to pass into the gastrointestinal tract. The epiglottis also protects the body from choking on food that would normally obstruct the airway.

47
Q

Where is the medulla oblongata located?

A

In the brain stem

48
Q

What is the space between one neuron’s dendrites and another neuron’s axon terminals?

A

Synapses

49
Q

Which of the following is NOT a division of the Peripheral nervous system?

A

Spinal Cord brain

50
Q

The______________ system controls the fight-or-flight response.

A

Autonomic Nervous System

51
Q

What is the difference between the positive and negative feedback loops

A

Negative feedback keeps things under control and positive feedback makes things out of control

52
Q

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine organs.

A

Endocrine glands secrete hormones, which are chemical “messengers” that travel through the blood to regulate the activity of a target organ. Glands that have ducts are called exocrine glands. The secretions of exocrine glands reach their target by traveling through a duct (tube).

53
Q

What is the master gland and its function.

A

The pituitary gland is often dubbed the “master gland” because its hormones control other parts of the endocrine system, namely the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes. However, the pituitary doesn’t entirely run the show.

54
Q

What is the function of the endocrine system.

A

The endocrine system is made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones, chemical substances produced in the body that regulate the activity of cells or organs. These hormones regulate the body’s growth, metabolism (the physical and chemical processes of the body), and sexual development and function.

55
Q

How do hormones travel through the body?

A

Hormones travel throughout the body, either in the blood stream or in the fluid around cells, looking for target cells. Once hormones find a target cell, they bind with specific protein receptors inside or on the surface of the cell and specifically change the cell’s activities.

56
Q

Types of Endocrine glands

A

Thyroid, pituitary, adrenal

57
Q

_______ are a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action

A

Hormones

58
Q

What gland secretes insulin?

A

Functioning as a Exocrine gland, pancreas

59
Q

The thymus gland is responsible for…?

A

The thymus gland, despite containing glandular tissue and producing several hormones, is much more closely associated with the immune system than with the endocrine system. The thymus serves a vital role in the training and development of T-lymphocytes or T cells, an extremely important type of white blood cell.

60
Q

What organs produce liquid to help carry sperm

A

Semen, seminal vesicles

61
Q

What does the liver make?

A

Excretes bile

62
Q

What substance enters the small intestine after stomach digestion?

A

Chyme

63
Q

What is Amylase?

A

an enzyme, found chiefly in saliva and pancreatic fluid, that converts starch and glycogen into simple sugars.

64
Q

What stores bile until secretion into the small intestine?

A

The gallbladder

65
Q

What does the large intestine absorb

A

Water

66
Q

What do vitamins and minerals do in the digestive system?

A

Absorb and nutrient

67
Q

What substance keeps the stomach from digesting itself?

A

Mucus

68
Q

What other body system is the pharynx a part of?

A

Digestive and respiratory

69
Q

Functions of Pepsin

A

Pepsin is an enzyme whose zymogen (pepsinogen) is released by the chief cells in the stomach and that degrades food proteins into peptides. It was discovered in 1836 by Theodor Schwann who also coined its name from the Greek word πέψις pepsis, meaning “digestion” (from πέπτειν peptein “to digest”).

70
Q

What are the main structures of a nephron?

A

Arcuate artery and vein

71
Q

What is the difference between the renal artery and the renal vein?

A

Renal artery carries oxygenated blood containing high levels of urea to the kidneys for filtration.

Renal vein carries dexygenated blood which has had urea removed away from the kidneys.

72
Q

What order does urine go through in the excretory system?

A

The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine. The ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra together form the urinary tract, which acts as a plumbing system to drain urine from the kidneys, store it, and then release it during urination. Besides filtering and eliminating wastes from the body, the urinary system also maintains the homeostasis of water, ions, pH, blood pressure, calcium and red blood cells

73
Q

What is dialysis?

A

the clinical purification of blood by dialysis, as a substitute for the normal function of the kidney.

74
Q

What is the part of the kidney that does the filtering?

A

Nephrons

75
Q

Somatic

A

System responsible for voluntary movement

76
Q

Includes the brain and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System

77
Q

All of the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord (Arms, legs, etc)

A

Peripheral Nervous System

78
Q

What part of the brain controls involuntary for functions necessary for life such as heart rate?

A

Medula

79
Q

Voice box is

A

Larynx

80
Q

Four types of Tissues

A

Connective Tissue, Epithelial, Muscular, and Nervous

81
Q

Levels Of organizations

A

Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere.

82
Q

Specialized type of nerve cell to send messages

A

Neuron

83
Q

Make your muscles move

A

Motor neuron

84
Q

Neurons that head toward spinal cord or brain

A

Sensory neuron

85
Q

Smallest things in nervous system

A

Neuron

86
Q

What jumps the synapse and hits the the dendrite

A

Neurotransmitters

87
Q

Where are neurotransmitters most likely found?

A

In the brain

88
Q

What part of the brain controls balance and coordination?

A

Cerebellum

89
Q

Which part of the brain controls higher level thinking?

A

Cerebrum

90
Q

Cones and rods are….

A

Vision neuron

91
Q

Hinge joints examples

A

Elbows and knees

92
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Is striated but branches off into muscle

93
Q

How do you know a vein is a vein?

A

Veins have one way valves.

94
Q

When you excersise does it relieve stress?

A

Yes..body releases endorphins.

95
Q

What organ regulates blood pressure?

A

Kidneys

96
Q

What blood cells do we have most of?

A

Red blood cells

97
Q

What type of cell contains hemoglobin?

A

Red blood cells

98
Q

Bloods red because of

A

Iron in hemoglobin

99
Q

Swollen lymph nodes =

A

Some kind of infection

100
Q

Are lungs muscular?

A

No

101
Q

What’s in your saliva? And what does it do?

A

Amalyse they break down starches and turn them into carb.

102
Q

Gamete

A

Specialized sex cells

biology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions