Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RD Exam > Vitamins/Minerals/Metabolism > Flashcards

Vitamins/Minerals/Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin A

A

Antioxidant, fat-soluble

Vision, bone growth, reproduction, cell functions, immune system

Plant sources: colorful fruits & veggies (carrots, peppers, broccoli, sweet potato, spinach, kale)

Animal sources: liver, whole milk

Extra needed: kids, alcoholics, liver disease, CF, Crohn’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Vitamin C

A

antioxidant

skin, bones, CT, promotes healing, immunity, absorption of iron

Fruits/veggies: citrus red/green peppers, tomatoes, broccoli, greens

Extra needed in: pregnancy, smokers, post-surgery, burn pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Vitamin D

A

fat-soluble; helps Ca absorbtion, nerve, muscle & immunity

can get it through skin (sunlight), diet, supplements

Foods: egg yolks, saltwater fish, liver, fortified foods

Extra needed: seniors, breastfed infants, dark skinned people, liver disease, CF, Crohn’s, obese/gastric bypass pts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vitamin E

A

antioxidant; fat-soluble

immune system, metabolism

Foods: veggies oils, nuts, seeds, leafy greens, fortified cereals

Extra needed: liver disease, CF, Crohn’s

supplements may be harmful to pts on anti-coags

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vitamin K

A

fat-soluble; healthy bones/tissues, blood clotting

newborns get Vit K shot when born

Foods: green veggies, dark berries

Caution: pts on blood thinners, need consistent amount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thiamine

A

B1

H2O soluble

coenzyme in catabolism of sugars & AA; fermentation of ETOH

Foods: yeast, cereal, beans, nuts, meat

Extra needed: poor appetite, ulcerative colitis, diarrhea

Deficiency - beriberi & pellagra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Riboflavin

A

B2

H2O soluble

body growth, RBC production, helps release energy from CHOs

Foods: dairy, eggs, leafy greens, lean meat, legumes, milk, nuts, fortified cereals

destroyed w/ light (milk cartons)

Deficiency: anemia, skin disorders,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Niacin

A

H2O soluble

digestive system, skin, nerve function, converting food to energy

Foods: dairy, eggs, enriched bread/cereal, fish, lean meat, legumes, nuts, poultry

CVD - niacin may help high CHOL & TRIs

deficiency: pellagra (delusions)

large doses: high BGs, liver damage, peptic ulcers, skin rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pantothenic Acid

A

B5

Essential for growth, help metabolism, role in production of hormones & chol

Foods: avocado, leafy greens, eggs, lentils, milk,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pyridoxine

A

B6

synthesis of serotonin & norepinephrine, protein metabolism, maintanence of homocysteine (AA in blood), gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, Hbg formation

Absorned in jejunum

Foods: fish, beef liver, oran meats, starchy veggies

deficiencies: microcytic anemia, weakened immune function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Biotin

A

B7

essential for growth, metabolism

foods: cereal, chocolate, egg yolk, elgumes, milk, nuts, organ meats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cobalamin

A

B12

nervous system, make blood cells

Foods: meat, shellfish, cheese & eggs

deficiency: GI surgery, SI problems, megaloblastic anemia, proton-pump inhibitors, metformin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Folic Acid

A

B-Vit

makes healthy new cells, prevents neural tube defects in fetus

Foods: leafy greens, fruits, dried beans, peas, nuts, enriched breads, etc.

Need extra: epilepsy, DM2, IBD, Pregnant, liver disease, dialysis, celiac, alcoholics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Calcium

A

mineral; helps bone & teeth, help muscles & bv contract & expand; secrete hormones & enzymes

Foods: dairy, leafy greens

deficiency: osteoporosis

1000-1300 mg/day

don’t take w/ anticonvulsants, levothroxine, antiobiotics, prednisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Phosphorus

A

formation of bone & teeth; body’s utilization of CHO, Fat & PRO for growth; production of ATP; contraction of muscles

Foods: meat, milk, refined flour

700 mg/day

dialysis pts need to watch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Magnesium

A

needed to maintain normal muscle & nerve function, heart rhythm, immune system, strong bones, regulate BG, BP, energy met & protein synthesis.

Absorbed in SI & excreted through kidneys

Foods: green veggies, legumes, unrefined grains

protective against CVD & immune dysfunction

deficiency: can cause seizures, arrhythmia, low levels of Ca in blood & low K+

17
Q

Sodium

A

Na - control BP, blood volume, muscles & nerves to work properly

Foods: milk, convience foods, etc.

too much: HTN, CHF, cirrohis, kidney disease

Need: <2300 mg/day

Heart issues <1500 mg/day

18
Q

Potassium

A

K+, build proteins, breakdown & use CHO, build muscle, maintain normal body growth, control electrical activity of heart, control acid-base balance

Foods: all meats, fish, veggies (broccoli, peas, tomatoes, potatoes), bananas, citrus, kiwi, prunes, milk, yogurt

Dialysis - low K+

Hypo - diuretics for HTN, HF, laxatives, diarrhea, kidney

Hyper - arrythmia from poor kidney function, ACE & ARBs, sepsis/infection

Needs: 3g-4.7g/day

19
Q

Chloride

A

need to keep proper balance of body fluids, digestive juices

Foods: table salt, veggies

20
Q

Iron

A

make Hgb (in RBC), myoglobin (in muscles) - help carry & store O2 in body

Foods: red meats

Deficiency: anemia

hemochromatosis - disease w/ build up of iron in body - can become toxic

21
Q

Stomach

A

three tasks:

  1. stores swallowed food
  2. mixes food w/ stomach acids
  3. sends mixture to SI

Where digestion of PRO begins

22
Q

Pancreas

A
  1. Endocrine - produces several hormones into the blood: insulin, glucagon (raises BG levels), & somatostatin (growth hormone inhibiting hormone)
  2. Endocrine - produces digestive enzymes & an alkaline fluid & secretes them into the SI: trypsin, pancreatic lipase & amylase
23
Q

Duodenum

A

1st part of the SI, located b/n the stomach & jejunum

food is mixed w/ bile from gallbladder & digestive juices from pancreas

absorption of vitamins, minerals & other nutrients begins here

24
Q

Small Intestine (SI)

A

longest part of digestive system (20 ft)

connects stomach to large intestine (colon)

it does most of the digesting; absorbing vitamins, minerals, CHO, PRO & Fats

three parts:

duodenum

ileum

jejunum

25
Q

Colon

A

large intestine (LI)

four major parts:

ascending colon; transverse colon, descending colon & sigmoid colon

removes H2O, salt & some fat soluble vits forming stool

billions of bacteria (flora) coat the colon

26
Q

Gallbladder

A

small pouch under the liver

stores bile produced by liver

squeezes stored bile into SI through a series of bile ducts

bile helps digest fats

not essential, can be removed. Liver will take over the duties of the gallbladder

Gallstones (cholelithiasis)

27
Q

Liver

A

largest organ inside the body

changes food into energy, cleans ETOH & poisons from blood, & makes bile (digests fats)

diseases of the liver:

Hepatitis A, B & C, cirrhosis, jaundice

RD Exam (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions